FIGURE 3.

Interplay between membrane-bound organelles, biomolecular condensates, and the cytoskeleton. A model depicting the complex interactions between membrane-bound organelles, biomolecular condensates and the cytoskeleton. Membrane-bound organelles (ER, mitochondria, endo-lysosomes) form contacts with each other and the microtubule cytoskeleton and can also form dynamic contacts with biomolecular condensates. For simplicity, transport granules, P-bodies and stress granules are depicted collectively as “RNP granules” for granule fission. These interactions and their complex interplay regulate the organization and remodeling of membrane-bound organelles, biomolecular condensates and the cytoskeleton. Mutations in various proteins influencing these complex interactions are linked to several neurodegenerative diseases and are indicated in the model.