Figure 2.

Intranasal administration delivers IRdye 800 to the trigeminal nerve. The trigeminal nerve (see inset) has high IRdye 800 concentrations in four locations: (1) the maxillary incisal nerve as it passes through the middle concha, (2) the infraorbital nerve as it passes through the maxillary sinus, (3) the septal branch, and (4) maxillary molar branch as they pass through the choana. The maxillary teeth and trigeminal nerve receive IRdye based on its proximity from these trigeminally connected structures. Reprinted with permission from ref. Johnson et al. (2010). Copyright (2010) American Chemical Society.