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. 2020 Dec 21;11:573562. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.573562

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Copyright © 2020 Tran, Klein, Arlt, Imm, Knappe, Simmons, Rosenstiel and Seibler

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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(A) Properties of the discussed models for translational research; GEM, genetically engineered mouse model; MDO, murine-derived organoid; iPS, induced pluripotential stem cell; PDO, patient-derived organoid; definition of colours: Green - possible/cheap (costs)/easy (success rate)/1–2 weeks (time); Yellow: medium (costs)/medium (success rate)/1–2 months (time); orange – 1–6 months (time); red - difficult/expansive (costs)/low (success rate)/over 6 months (time). (B) Overview over the proposed challenges in the standardisation of organoid culturing systems.