Table 1. Characteristics of the participants in the cross-sectional RBVD study by diet.
| Parameter | Vegan | Omnivorous | p value |
|
Study size, n Female Male |
36 18 18 |
36 18 18 |
|
| Age (years) | 37.5 (32.5–44.0) | 38.5 (32.0–46.0) | 0.75 |
|
Duration of vegan diet (years) |
4.8 (3.1–8.7) | ||
|
Educational attainment Low (no qualifications) Moderate (vocational training) High (university / university of applied sciences) |
0 (0) 11 (30.6) 25 (69.4) |
1 (2.8) 11 (30.6) 24 (66.6) |
0.60 |
| Lifestyle factors | |||
| Physical activity (h/week) | 2.8 (0.9–3.8) | 2.3 (1.2–4.1) | 0.69 |
| Walking (h/week) | 7.0 (5.0–12.0) | 7.0 (3.5–11.8) | 0.15 |
| Never smoker Ex-smoker Smoker |
24 (66.7) 8 (22.2) 4 (11.1) |
21 (58.3) 6 (16.7) 9 (25.0) |
0.30 |
| Anthropometry | |||
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 22.9 ± 3.2 | 24.0 ± 2.1 | 0.08 |
| Waist circumference men (cm) Waist circumference women (cm) |
84.5 ± 8.9 73.1 ± 6.9 |
86.0 ± 6.1 77.2 ± 6.2 |
0.560 0.07 |
| Blood pressure | |||
| Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) |
111.2 ± 11.0 69.8 ± 7.7 |
114.7 ± 11.9 73.0 ± 7.1 |
0.210 0.07 |
| Supplement intake | 35 (97.2) | 12 (33.3) | < 0.0001 |
All results presented as median (interquartile range), mean ± standard deviation or number (percentage), p value for Mann–Whitney U test, t-test, chi-square test/Fisher’s exact test