eTable 3. Vitamin and mineral status depending on the intake of dietary supplements.
Supplement | n | Vegans | n | Omnivores |
Vitamin B12 | Vitamin B12 (pg/mL) | Vitamin B12 (pg/mL) | ||
Yes No |
33 3 |
523 (312–759) 286 (257–456) |
3 33 |
317 (224–521) 362 (310–488) |
Vitamin B12 | 4cB12 | 4cB12 | ||
Yes No |
33 3 |
0.57 (0.09–1.25) 0.08 (−0.17–0.43) |
3 33 |
0.24 (−0.73–0.69)0.42 (0.20–0.70) |
Vitamin D | 25-hydroxyvitamin D (nmol/L) | 25-hydroxyvitamin D (nmol/L) | ||
Yes No |
18 18 |
88 (76–97) 24 (19–60) |
4 32 |
66 (46–79) 44 (35–69) |
Folate | Folate (ng/mL) | Folate (ng/mL) | ||
Yes No |
10 26 |
10.9 (8.5–19.6) 10.9 (7.6–12.3) |
4 32 |
14.3 (9.5–18.5) 7.5 (6.2–10.6) |
Vitamin B1 | Thiamine (nmol/L) | Thiamine (nmol/L) | ||
Yes No |
4 32 |
3.7 (2.4–5.5) 2.1 (1.6–2.8) |
3 33 |
2.4 (2.2–5.0) 1.8 (1.4–2.4) |
Vitamin B2 | Riboflavin (nmol/L) | Riboflavin (nmol/L) | ||
Yes No |
6 30 |
8.2 (5.9–18.1) 5.6 (4.3–10.2) |
3 33 |
13.2 (12.2–33.5) 8.5 (6.8–10.2) |
Vitamin B3 | Nicotinamide (nmol/L) | Nicotinamide (nmol/L) | ||
Yes No |
3 33 |
234 (123–306) 188 (162–228) |
3 33 |
252 (245–282) 242 (193–305) |
Vitamin B6 | Pyridoxal 5‘-phosphate (nmol/L) | Pyridoxal 5‘-phosphate (nmol/L) | ||
Yes No |
6 30 |
92 (54–154) 67 (47–84) |
3 33 |
132 (62–218) 78 (46–95) |
Vitamin E | Alpha-tocopherol (µmol/L) | Alpha-tocopherol (µmol/L) | ||
Yes No |
3 33 |
32.3 (27.2–34.8) 28.5 (25.8–33.9) |
4 32 |
37.6 (35.5–40.6) 33.2 (28.5–41.5) |
Vitamin K | Vitamin K1 (nmol/L) | Vitamin K1 (nmol/L) | ||
Yes No |
3 33 |
1.54 (1.40–1.62) 1.55 (1.29–2.24) |
3 33 |
1.60 (0.97–1.70) 0.75 (0.53–1.08) |
Calcium* | Calcium (mg/L) | Calcium (mg/L) | ||
Yes No |
4 32 |
49 (34–42) 57 (35–77) |
3 33 |
75 (42–328) 87 (50–164) |
Zinc | Zinc (µg/dL) | Zinc (µg/dL) | ||
Yes No |
5 28 |
85 (81–92) 77 (71–89) |
5 31 |
89 (85–91) 83 (81–94) |
Selenium | Selenium (µg/L) | Selenium (µg/L) | ||
Yes No |
3 33 |
74 (68–101) 67 (58–81) |
3 33 |
82 (70–88) 77 (67–82) |
Selenium | Selenoprotein P(mg/L) | Selenoprotein P (mg/L) | ||
Yes No |
3 33 |
5.1 (3.4–6.2) 3.0 (2.5–3.8) |
3 33 |
5.2 (4.9–5.9) 5.0 (4.1–5.5) |
Iodine* | Iodine (µg/L) | Iodine (µg/L) | ||
Yes No |
5 31 |
46 (36–56) 27 (17–36) |
3 33 |
49 (34–166) 78 (43–100) |
Iron | Ferritin (ng/mL) | Ferritin (ng/mL) | ||
Yes No |
6 30 |
86 (39–110) 56 (30–82) |
3 33 |
49 (31–64) 74 (33–121) |
All values as median and interquartile range (Q1–Q3); *excretion in 24-hour urine