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. 2020 Nov 18;20(6):e45. doi: 10.4110/in.2020.20.e45

Figure 1. Conditions in which IL-9 is produced by immune cells.

Figure 1

IL-9 can be produced by cellular components from both the adaptive and innate immune systems. After stimulation by the indicated conditions, Th9, Th17, IL-9 producing CD8+ T (Tc9), NKT cells, ILCs, MCs, and γδ T cells express IL-9 at high levels (+++), while Treg and basophils produce IL-9 at moderate levels (++). Memory B cells and neutrophils produce IL-9 at a low level (+). IL-9 expression by TFH cells and eosinophils have not yet been analyzed by ELISA. Cytokines co-expressed with IL-9 after stimulation are listed.