Table 1.
Characteristics of included studies on the infection, hospitalization, severity, and mortality of influenza.
| Author | Country | Year | Number | Women (%) | Age | Groups | Disease outcome | OR or RR (95% CI) | NOS |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ren et al. (29) | China | 2013 | 686 | 48.40% | 5-60 | Overweight; Obesity |
Severe influenza manifestation | Overweight: 3.70(2.04, 6.72) Obesity: 35.61 (7.96, 159.21) |
7 |
| Maier et al. (30) | US | 2018 | 1783 | 74% | 0-92 | Obesity | Influenza | 2.04 (1.35, 3.09) | 6 |
| Segaloff et al. (31) | US | 2017 | 48 | 23% | 21-91 | Obesity Morbid obesity |
Severe influenza outcomes | Obesity: ICU: 2.9 (0.5, 20.9); LRD: 2.1 (0.5, 8.6) Morbid obesity: ICU: 7.9 (0.9, 87.1); LRD: 4.0 (0.6, 35.0) |
6 |
| Moser et al. (32) | Mexico | 2018 | 3248 | 64.25% | 41.2 ± 16.2 | Underweight; Obesity; morbid obesity | hospitalization | Underweight: 5.20 (1.67, 16.01) Obesity: 3.18 (1.73, 5.91) Morbid obesity: 18.4 (7.83, 47.4) |
5 |
| Neidich et al. (33) | US | 2017 | 1022 | 64.68% | 54 ± 15 | Obesity | Influenza risk | Obesity: 2.01 (1.12, 3.06) | 5 |
| Murphy et al. (34) | UK | 2016 | 6984 | 53.94% | 35-63 | Obesity | Influenza-like illness | Obesity: 1.16 (0.97, 1.38) | 6 |
| Yang et al. (35) | China | 2013 | 66820 | 65.75% | 65+ | Underweight; Overweight; Obesity; Morbid obesity |
influenza-associated mortality | Underweight: 1.081 (1.013, 1.154) Overweight: 0.981 (0.936, 1.028) Obesity: 1.018 (0.980, 1.058) Morbid obesity: 1.062 (0.972, 1.162) |
6 |
| Cocoros et al. (36) | US | 2014 | 8266 | 59.63% | 48+ | Overweight; Obesity |
Influenza-like illness | Overweight: 1.54 (0.56, 4.27) Obesity: 1.90 (0.68, 5.27) |
6 |
| Dragana et al. (37) | Serbia | 2017 | 777 | 48.26% | 65+ | Obesity | Admission to ICU | Obesity: 3.32 (1.36, 8.14) | 6 |
| Charland et al. (38) | US | 2012 | 3076699 | N/A | 0-80+ | Obesity | Hospitalization | Obesity: 1.12 (1.07, 1.17) | 6 |
| Braun et al. (39) | US | 2015 | 9048 | 65.6% | 20+ | Underweight; Overweight; Obesity; Morbid obesity |
Influenza severity (admission to ICU) |
Underweight: 1.13 (0.86, 1.49) Overweight: 0.80 (0.70, 0.94) Obesity: 0.90 (0.76, 1.08) Morbid obesity: 0.91 (0.77, 1.09) |
5 |
| Coleman et al. (40) | US | 2012 | 2623 | 65.42% | 45 ± 17 | Obesity; Morbid obesity |
Influenza | Obesity: 0.95 (0.75, 1.20) Morbid obesity: 1.10 (0.8, 1.52) |
6 |
| Morgan et al. (41) | US | 2010 | 594 | N/A | N/A | Obesity; Morbid obesity |
Hospitalization; Death |
Obesity: hospitalization: 1.5 (0.8, 2.8); death: 4.9 (2.4, 9.9) Morbid obesity: hospitalization: 3.1 (1.5, 6.6); death: 7.6 (2.1, 27.9) |
6 |
| Halvorson et al. (42) | US | 2018 | 2811 | 61% | 22+ | Overweight; Obesity; Morbid obesity |
Hospitalization | Overweight: 0.8 (0.6, 1.0) Obesity: 0.7 (0.5, 1.0) Morbid obesity: 0.9 (0.6, 1.2) |
6 |
| Van Kerkhove et al. (62) | US | 2015 | 11086 | 10.5% | 28-40 | obesity | Hospitalization severe outcomes | Obesity: 1.6 (1.2, 2.1) | 7 |
| Louie et al. (43) | US | 2010 | 534 | 52% | 46 (20, 92) | Morbid obesity | Death | Morbid obesity: 2.8 (1.4, 5.9) | 6 |
| Jime´nez-Garcı´a et al. (44) | Spain | 2012 | 11499 | 54.2% | 18+ | Obesity | Death | Obesity: 1.88 (1.07, 3.92) | 5 |
| Díaz et al. (45) | Spain | 2011 | 416 | 41.93% | 43.1 ± 12.2 | Obesity | Death | Obesity: 1.56 (0.95, 2.54) | 6 |
| Tempia et al. (46) | South Africa | 2016 | 465 | 64.95% | 5+ | Obesity | Hospitalization | Obesity: 12.1 (1.6, 88.8) | 6 |
| Martin et al. (47) | US | 2013 | 161 | 35.4% | 40-46 | Obesity | Hospitalization; death | Hospitalization: 2.93(1.50, 5.71) death: 5.33 (0.61, 46.71) |
5 |
| Bijani et al. (48) | Iran | 2016 | 55 | 43.6% | 25.7 ± 16.9 | Obesity | Severe manifestation | Obesity: 0.89 (0.08, 10.43) | 5 |
| Cui et al. (49) | China | 2010 | 68 | N/A | 41 (18, 66) | Obesity | Death | Obesity: 23.06 (0.95, 2.54) | 7 |
| Santa-Olalla Peralta et al. (63) | Spain | 2010 | 3025 | N/A | 38 (0,94) | Obesity | Severe outcomes | Obesity: 2.01 (1.38, 2.94) | 6 |
| Gilca et al. (50) | Canada | 2011 | 716 | 54.05% | 5+ | Obesity; Morbid obesity | Hospitalization; ICU or death | Obesity: hospitalization: 1.3 (0.8, 2.0); death: 1.0 (0.5, 2.3) Morbid obesity: hospitalization: 2.0 (0.6, 6.2); death: 0.4 (0.09, 2.0) |
6 |
| Lenzi et al. (51) | Brazil | 2011 | 4740 | 53.31% | 0-90 | Obesity | Hospitalization | Obesity: 2.994 (1.638, 5.472) | 5 |
| Yu et al. (52) | China | 2011 | 9966 | 44% | 22 (11, 39) | Obesity | Severe outcomes | Obesity: 1.54 (1.35, 1.76) | 6 |
| Viasus et al. (53) | Spain | 2010 | 585 | 48.7% | 39 (16, 87) | Morbid obesity | Severe outcomes | Morbid obesity: 6.7 (2.25, 20.19) | 6 |
| Tang et al. (53) | China | 2010 | 457 | 42.23% | 25 (6, 42) | Overweight; Obesity |
Severe outcomes | Overweight: 3.13 (1.83, 5.36) Obesity: 4.05 (1.72, 9.52) |
6 |
| Karki et al. (55) | Australia | 2018 | 246494 | 46.99% | 50+ | Obesity; Morbid obesity |
Influenza incidence; Hospitalization | Incidence: Obesity: 1.27 (1.10, 1.46) Morbid obesity: 1.69 (1.24, 2.29) Hospitalization: Obesity: 1.57 (1.22, 2.01); Morbid obesity: 4.81 (3.23, 7.17) |
9 |
| Zhou et al. (56) | China | 2015 | 65841 | 66.14% | 65+ | Obesity | Influenza mortality | Obesity: 1.19 (1.01, 1.42) | 8 |
| Campitelli et al. (57) | Canada | 2014 | 396581 | 48.92% | 18-64 | Overweight; Obesity; Morbid obesity |
Acute respiratory infection for influenza | Overweight: 1.10 (1.07, 1.13) Obesity: 1.17 (1.13, 1.22) Morbid obesity: 1.19 (1.12, 1.25) |
8 |
| Kwong et al. (58) | Canada | 2011 | 82545 | 50.49% | 18+ | Obesity; Morbid obesity |
Hospitalization | Obesity: 1.45 (1.03, 2.05) Morbid obesity: 2.12 (1.45, 3.10) |
9 |
| Pițigoi et al. (59) | Romania | 2019 | 345 | 55.9% | 74 (68, 80) | Obesity | Hospitalization | Obesity: 2.1 (1.3, 3.4) | 7 |
| Guerrisi et al. (60) | France | 2019 | 6992 | 61% | 0-75 | Underweight Overweight; Obesity |
Influenza-like illness | Underweight:0.92(0.77,1.11) Overweight:1.18(1.08,1.29) Obesity:1.28(1.14,1.44) |
8 |
| Myles et al. (61) | UK | 2012 | 1520 | 52.6% | 26(9,44) | Obesity | Severe outcomes | Obesity:2.22(1.18,4.18) | 7 |