FIGURE 1.

Effect of SB431542 and isoxsuprine, a β2‐adrenergic receptor agonist, on mesenchymal characteristics of SAS oral cancer cells. SAS cells were cultured in the absence (−/control) or presence of 1 ng/mL TGF‐β1, 10 μmol/L SB431542, or 10 μmol/L isoxsuprine for 72 h, followed by qRT‐PCR analyses for the expression of vimentin (A), N‐cadherin (B), fibronectin (C) SM22α (D) and fluorescence immunostaining (E) for vimentin (red) and nuclei (blue) and quantification of vimentin‐positive area (F). Scale bar: 100 μm. Data are represented as mean ± SD *P < 0.05 **P < 0.01 ***P < 0.001; ns, not significant