FIGURE 4.

Effect of propranolol, a β‐adrenergic receptor antagonist, on the suppression of mesenchymal phenotypes of SAS cells by isoxsuprine and isoprenaline. The SAS cells were cultured in the absence (−/control) or presence of 10 μmol/L isoxsuprine or 10 μmol/L isoprenaline in combination with 10 μmol/L propranolol for 72 h followed by chamber migration (A, B) and cell proliferation assays (C). A, B, SAS cells migrated for 48 h were stained (A) and counted (B). Scale bar: 200 µm. (C) SAS cells cultured for 72 h in the absence (−) or presence of 10 μmol/L isoxsuprine or 10 μmol/L isoprenaline in combination with 10 μmol/L propranolol were counted. Data are represented as mean ± SD ***P < 0.001; ns, not significant