Table 2.
Summary of demographics and clinical characteristics of patients with movement and psychiatric disorders classified by aetiology
| Autoimmune | Neurodevelopmental | |
|---|---|---|
| Number of participants | 7 a | 17 |
| Male:female | 3:4 | 9:8 |
| Median age at sampling (range; years) | 12 (10–17) | 11 (3–16) |
| Median disease duration at sampling (range; years) | 0.17 (0.04–12) | 3 (0.04–12) |
| Clinical characteristics | ||
| Tourette's syndrome only, n | 0 | 2 |
| Tourette's syndrome and OCD, n | 0 | 15 b |
| Sydenham's chorea | 5 | 0 |
| Other neuropsychiatric features and movement disorders, n | Basal ganglia encephalitis 2 | Anorexia 1; anxiety 4; autism 4; ADHD 2; depression 4; fatigue 1; mood 1; ODD 1; sensory 1 |
| Course of disease, n | ||
| Acute | 6 | 1 |
| Chronic | 1 | 16 |
ADHD, attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder; OCD, obsessive–compulsive disorder; ODD, oppositional defiant disorder
a
The seven autoimmune patients fulfilled the criteria for Sydenham's chorea (n = 5) according to the revised Jones criteria of acute rheumatic fever and the criteria by Cardoso et al. 98 , 99 or basal ganglia encephalitis (n = 2) with specific basal ganglia inflammation, as described. 17
b
Seven patients with Tourette's syndrome had acute infection‐provoked onset consistent with paediatric acute‐onset neuropsychiatric syndrome.