CSPGs help direct migration of neural crest cells. (A) In normal migration, cells migrate from the neural tube over the anterior portion of the sclerotome, seen in green, while avoiding the posterior, seen in red, which contains high levels of versican. (B) The removal of CS chains using ChABC leads to cells migrating in both the anterior and posterior sclerotome. (C) The addition of exogenous CSPG blocks neural crest cell migration. After Oakley and Tosney,149 Landolt et al.,37 Moro Balbas et al.,151 Perissinotto et al.14 Abbreviation: CSPG, chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans.