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. 2020 Dec 31;2(6):374–383. doi: 10.35772/ghm.2020.01064

Table 3. Factor loading from the explanatory factor analysis of the Brief COPE.

Item of Brief COPE Factors in Brief COPE Factors
F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 F6
25. I've been thinking hard about what steps to take. Planning 0.74 0.02 0.16 0.20 0.11 0.02
12. I've been trying to see it in a different light, to make it seem more positive. Positive reframing 0.68 0.11 0.16 0.17 0.05 -0.01
24. I've been learning to live with it. Acceptance 0.66 0.00 0.20 0.03 0.14 0.04
14. I've been trying to come up with a strategy about what to do. Planning 0.64 0.05 0.13 0.22 0.05 -0.03
7. I've been taking action to try to make the situation better. Active coping 0.62 0.09 0.18 0.23 0.02 -0.02
20. I've been accepting the reality of the fact that it has happened. Acceptance 0.58 -0.02 0.00 0.13 0.19 0.01
2. I've been concentrating my efforts on doing something about the situation I'm in. Active coping 0.37 0.20 0.01 0.02 0.21 0.03
8. I've been refusing to believe that it has happened. Denial 0.03 0.67 0.14 0.01 0.02 0.03
3. I've been saying to myself "this isn't real." Denial 0.06 0.63 0.13 0.01 0.02 0.05
13. I've been criticizing myself. Self-blame 0.09 0.54 0.00 -0.08 -0.02 0.18
26. I've been blaming myself for things that happened. Self-blame 0.10 0.51 0.02 -0.11 0.01 0.20
16. I've been giving up the attempt to cope. Behavioral disengagement -0.10 0.50 0.04 0.05 0.08 0.04
6. I've been giving up trying to deal with it. Behavioral disengagement 0.02 0.46 0.08 -0.07 0.01 0.06
1. I've been turning to work or other activities to take my mind off things. Self-distraction 0.14 0.43 0.32 -0.11 0.08 0.06
28. I've been making fun of the situation. Humor 0.25 0.21 0.75 0.00 0.03 -0.01
19. I've been doing something to think about it less, such as going to movies, watching TV, reading, daydreaming, sleeping, or shopping. Self-distraction 0.08 0.20 0.71 0.02 0.06 0.01
17. I've been looking for something good in what is happening. Positive reframing 0.27 0.22 0.69 0.12 -0.01 0.03
18. I've been making jokes about it. Humor 0.10 0.03 0.59 0.15 0.12 0.07
10. I've been getting help and advice from other people. Use of instrumental support 0.38 -0.05 0.11 0.64 0.10 -0.04
15. I've been getting comfort and understanding from someone. Use of emotional support 0.43 -0.09 0.11 0.60 0.07 -0.06
5. I've been getting emotional support from others. Use of emotional support 0.39 -0.09 0.09 0.60 0.02 -0.04
23. I've been trying to get advice or help from other people about what to do. Use of instrumental support 0.43 0.04 -0.01 0.46 0.34 0.00
22. I've been trying to find comfort in my religion or spiritual beliefs. Religion 0.26 -0.06 -0.03 0.12 0.78 -0.02
27. I've been praying or meditating. Religion 0.23 0.12 0.16 0.06 0.64 -0.05
11. I've been using alcohol or other drugs to help me get through it. Substance use -0.01 0.28 0.02 -0.02 0.04 0.80
4. I've been using alcohol or other drugs to make myself feel better. Substance use 0.00 0.26 0.09 -0.06 -0.04 0.73
21. I've been expressing my negative feelings. Venting 0.04 0.24 0.14 0.02 0.29 0.11
9. I've been saying things to let my unpleasant feelings escape. Venting 0.04 0.40 0.21 0.21 0.10 0.03
Variance (%) 13.18 9.45 8.29 5.98 4.94 4.61