Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of all patients and per tertile of Mg.
| All |
Tertiles of magnesium |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n = 207 | Low (0.60–0.75 mmol/l) n = 69 | Middle (0.75–0.80 mmol/l) n = 69 | High (0.80–0.93 mmol/l) n = 69 | |
| Magnesium (mmol/l) | 0.78 (0.05) | 0.73 (0.02) | 0.78 (0.01) | 0.84 (0.03) |
| Demographics | ||||
| Age (years) | 45.4 (11.7) | 47.4 (12.2) | 44.7 (11.9) | 44.1 (10.9) |
| Diabetes duration (years) | 21.8 (15.8, 29.1) | 21.2 (14.1, 28.3) | 22.1 (16.3, 32.2) | 22.7 (15.4, 29.0) |
| Male gender (n) | 120 (58.0%) | 38 (55.1%) | 42 (60.9%) | 40 (58.0%) |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.4 (23.3, 28.4) | 24.9 (23.1, 28.0) | 25.3 (23.2, 27.8) | 26.5 (23.4, 29.6) |
| Current smoker (yes) | 47 (27.6%) | 16 (23.2%) | 18 (26.1%) | 13 (18.8%) |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 130.4 (17.9) | 132.6 (18.8) | 130.4 (17.2) | 127.9 (17.6) |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 77.1 (10.2) | 78.4 (11.0) | 77.4 (8.7) | 75.3 (10.7) |
| Mode of insulin administration: MDI | 119 (57.5%) | 43 (62.3%) | 40 (58.0%) | 36 (52.2%) |
| Mode of insulin administration: CSII | 88 (42.5%) | 26 (37.7%) | 29 (42.0%) | 33 (47.8%) |
| Total insulin dosea | 56.8 (19.6) | 48.0 (35.0, 62.0) | 60.0 (42.0, 66.0) | 68.0 (54.0, 88.0) |
| Complications | ||||
| Microvascular complications | ||||
| Retinopathy (n) | 88 (42.5%) | 31 (44.9%) | 25 (76.8%) | 32 (46.4%) |
| Neuropathy (n) | 24 (11.6%) | 11 (15.9%) | 8 (11.6%) | 5 (7.2%) |
| Micro-albuminuria | 28 (13.5%) | 8 (11.6%) | 13 (18.8%) | 7 (10.1%) |
| Macro-albuminuria | 8 (3.9%) | 1 (1.4%) | 3 (4.3%) | 4 (5.8%) |
| Macrovascular complications | ||||
| Angina pectoris (n) | 3 (1.4%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (1.4%) | 2 (2.9%) |
| MI (n) | 3 (1.4%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (1.4%) | 2 (2.9%) |
| PTCA (n) | 3 (1.4%) | 2 (2.9%) | 1 (1.4%) | 0 (0.0%) |
| PAD (n) | 5 (2.3%) | 1 (1.4%) | 2 (2.9%) | 2 (2.9%) |
| CABG (n) | 3 (1.4%) | 2 (2.9%) | 1 (1.4%) | 0 (0.0%) |
| TIA (n) | 2 (1.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (1.4%) | 1 (1.4%) |
| CVA (n) | 4 (1.9%) | 1 (1.4%) | 1 (1.4%) | 2 (2.9%) |
| Laboratory measurements | ||||
| HbA1c (%) | 7.6 (1.0) | 7.7 (1.1) | 7.6 (1.1) | 7.7 (1.0) |
| HbA1c (mmol/mol) | 60.0 (11.2) | 60.3 (11.5) | 59.0 (11.6) | 60.7 (10.9) |
| Creatinine (µmol/l) | 84.5 (77.3, 93.8) | 84.0 (76.0, 93.0) | 84.0 (77.0, 93.0) | 86.0 (79.0, 95.0) |
| eGFR (MDRD, ml/min/1.73 m2) | 126.2 (109.6, 141.8) | 124.6 (109.0, 138.7) | 124.6 (108.9, 141.3) | 129.4 (111.3, 146.0) |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/l) | 4.6 (1.0) | 4.6 (1.0) | 4.6 (0.9) | 4.7 (1.1) |
| HDL cholesterol (mmol/l) | 1.5 (0.4) | 1.6 (0.4) | 1.5 (0.4) | 1.5 (0.4) |
| Total cholesterol:HDL ratio | 4.5 (4.0, 5.2) | 2.9 (2.3, 3.7) | 3.1 (2.5, 3.6) | 3.1 (2.6, 4.0) |
| LDL cholesterol (mmol/l) | 2.6 (0.9) | 2.5 (0.9) | 2.5 (0.8) | 2.7 (1.0) |
| Triglycerides (mmol/l) | 0.9 (0.7, 1.4) | 1.0 (0.6, 1.2) | 1.0 (0.6, 1.5) | 0.9 (0.7, 1.4) |
| C-reactive protein (mg/l) | 2.0 (1.0, 3.0) | 1.0 (1.0, 4.0) | 1.0 (1.0, 3.0) | 2.0 (1.0, 3.0) |
| R–SH (µM) | 285.0 (34.6) | 282.6 (36.4) | 282.3 (33.2) | 280.4 (34.6) |
| NT-proBNP (pmol/l) | 40.5 (16.2, 86.2) | 47.4 (19.7, 110.1) | 29.7 (11.0, 70.1) | 49.4 (19.7, 86.0) |
| Calcium (mmol/l) | 2.29 (2.20, 2.35) | 2.28 (2.21, 2.33) | 2.30 (2.23, 2.38) | 2.30 (2.24, 2.36) |
| Albumin (g/l) | 42.2 (2.6) | 41.5 (2.5) | 42.4 (2.5) | 42.7 (2.8) |
| Phosphate (mmol/l) | 1.0 (0.8, 1.1) | 0.9 (0.8, 1.1) | 1.0 (0.8, 1.1) | 1.0 (0.8, 1.1) |
| PTH (pmol/l) | 2.8 (2.3, 3.6) | 2.8 (2.5, 3.5) | 2.7 (2.2, 3.8) | 2.8 (2.3, 3.4) |
| 25 OH vit D | 51.4 (37.2, 72.2) | 46.6 (36.3, 72.8) | 50.3 (36.0, 70.2) | 54.3 (41.7, 73.2) |
Data are presented as number (%), mean (SD) or median (IQR).
n = 29.
BMI, body mass index; CABG, coronary artery bypass grafting; CSII, continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion; CVA, cerebral vascular event; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HbA1c, glycated haemoglobin A1c; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; IQR, interquartile range; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; MDI, multiple daily injections; MDRD, modification of diet in renal disease; MI, myocardial infarction; NA, not applicable; NT-proBNP, N-terminal pro-B type natriuretic peptide; PTCA, percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty; PTH; parathyroid hormone; R–SH, total free thiol groups; SD, standard deviation; TIA, transient ischemic attack.