Table 1.
Demographic and clinical details and characteristics related to cardiovascular risk of axial spondyloarthritis patients and healthy controls.
| Patients (n = 114) | HCs (n = 132) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 45.73 (12.15) | 43.09 (10.86) | 0.077 |
| Sex (males) | 77 (67.50) | 71 (55.50) | 0.054 |
| HLA B27 status (positive) | 93 (82.30) | 4 (6.70) | <0.001* |
| Family history for SpA | 38 (33.60) | 2 (11.10) | |
| Radiographic sacroiliitis | 90 (81.10) | ||
| Inflammatory back pain | 96 (85.71) | 2 (10.50) | |
| Arthritis | 16 (14.10) | 0 | |
| Psoriasis | 13 (11.40) | 0 | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 26.62 (4.25) | 20.13 (9.40) | <0.001* |
| Disease duration (years) | 19.24 (13.36) | ||
| Global VAS | 43.33 (25.19) | ||
| ASDAS-CRP | 2.44 (0.93) | ||
| ASAS HI | 4.75 (4) | ||
| BASDAI | 3.68 (2.13) | ||
| BASFI | 2.85 (2.48) | ||
| BASMI | 3.10 (1.80) | ||
| CRP (mg/l) | 5.75 (7.76) | 1.43 (1.72) | <0.001* |
| NSAIDs | 102 (92.70) | 2 (1.70) | |
| Biological treatment | 0 | 0 | |
| Total mSASSS | 15.26 (17.18) | ||
| Cervical mSASSS | 7.27 (9.09) | ||
| Lumbar mSASSS | 8.09 (9.38) | ||
| Smoking status | 37 (32.7) | 12 (14.3) | 0.003* |
| Obesity | 23 (20.7) | 4 (6.6) | 0.015* |
| Hypertension | 21 (18.6) | 2 (1.6) | <0.001* |
| Type 2 diabetes | 2 (1.8) | 0 | 0.138 |
| Glucose (mg/dl) | 83.60 (14.43) | 85.98 (13.94) | 0.244 |
| Insulin (mU/l) | 6.40 (3.99) | 8.71 (5.25) | 0.005* |
| Insulin resistance | 1.42 (1.09) | 1.89 (1.29) | 0.008* |
| Total Cholesterol (mg/dl) | 190.02 (31.37) | 197.79 (30.64) | 0.065 |
| HDL-cholesterol (mg/dl) | 55.42 (14.81) | 56.74 (14.89) | 0.514 |
| LDL-cholesterol (mg/dl) | 114.46 (29.7) | 121.50 (24.63) | 0.058 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dl) | 101.10 (60.98) | 97.79 (53.24) | 0.668 |
| Apo A (mg/dl) | 143.09 (21.13) | 150.75 (27.33) | 0.024* |
| Apo B (mg/dl) | 80.02 (17.56) | 89.43 (25.42) | 0.002* |
| Apo B/Apo A risk | 0.58 (0.18) | 0.61 (0.19) | 0.186 |
| Atherogenic risk | 12 (17.1) | 1 (7.1) | 0.685 |
| Uric acid (mg/dl) | 5.07 (1.31) | 5.06 (1.25) | 0.972 |
| Atherosclerotic carotid plaques | 16 (16.3) | 2 (3.3) | 0.011* |
| Right cIMT (mm) | 0.54 (0.12) | 0.57 (0.14) | 0.326 |
| Left cIMT (mm) | 0.56 (0.13) | 0.57 (0.09) | 0.577 |
| SCORE | 0.100 | ||
| Low risk | 73 (70.9) | 19 (86.4) | |
| Moderate, high and very high risk | 30 (29.1) | 3 (13.6) |
Data are shown as mean (standard deviation) or frequency (percentage).
Significant differences.
Apo A, apolipoprotein A; Apo B, apolipoprotein B; ASAS HI, Assessment of Spondyloarthritis International Society Health Index; ASDAS-CRP, Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score-C Reactive Protein; BASDAI, Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index; BASFI, Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index; BASMI, Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Metrology Index; BMI, body mass index; cIMT, carotid intima-media thickness; CRP, C-reactive protein; HCs, healthy controls; HDL, high density lipoprotein; LDL, low density lipoprotein; mSASSS, modified Stoke ankylosing spondylitis spinal score; NSAIDs, non steroidal antiinflammatory drugs; SpA, spondyloarthritis; VAS, visual analogic scale.