Table 1.

Study Characteristics, Methodology, and Sleep Quality Assessments^a

			Criteria		Mean PSQI / Sleep Disturbance, %
Lead Author (Year)	LOE	No.	Inclusion	Exclusion	Pre	Post
Cho (2015)7	4	47	Primary arthroscopic RCR without concomitant procedures, ASA score <3	Presence of massive RCT (>5 cm), ASA score ≥3, history of drug addiction, severe neurological lesion, allergy to any medication or local anesthetics used in study	6.6/—	5.8/—, 4.2/—b
Gumina (2016)10	3	508	Primary arthroscopic RCR with RCT diagnosed through physical examination, radiograph, and MRI	Previous operation on ipsilateral shoulder, inflammatory joint disease, GHOA of the operative or contralateral shoulder	5.2/40.8	—
Horneff (2017)14	4	56	Primary arthroscopic RCR without concomitant procedures	Workers’ compensation benefits, irreparable tears, revision surgery, and concomitant severe GHOA or adhesive capsulitis	11.7/89	6.2/38, 5.5/41c
Reyes (2017)22	4	209	Primary arthroscopic RCR with a unilateral symptomatic full-thickness RCT confirmed by MRI	Age <18 y, bilateral shoulder symptoms, RCT arthropathy, isolated subscapularis tears, bilateral full-thickness RCT, partial-thickness RCT, prior shoulder surgery, shoulder injections within the subacromial space or glenohumeral joint in the previous 6 mo, acute shoulder fractures or dislocations within previous 6 mo, history of psychotic or mood disorders, dementia, current substance abuse, current diagnosis of a sleep disorder	9.8/—	—
Serbest (2017)23	4	31	Primary arthroscopic RCR with full-thickness RCT that failed treatment with NSAIDs or physiotherapy after at least 3 mo	Irreparable tears, revision surgery, open RCR, severe GHOA, adhesive capsulitis, sleep apnea disorder, neuropsychiatric disease, taking medication for sleep disorder, follow-up <6 mo	15/—	6/58
Khazzam (2018)15	4	117	Patients with a clinical diagnosis of impingement or full-thickness RCT	Inability to complete the questionnaire, lack of a diagnosis of rotator cuff disease, prior shoulder surgery, acute fractures involving the proximal humerus or shoulder girdle, glenohumeral joint instability, other shoulder pathology not involving the rotator cuff, glenohumeral joint arthritis, adhesive capsulitis, RCT arthropathy with pseudoparalysis, documented history of psychotic or mood disorder, current substance abuse, diagnosed sleep disorder	9.5/—	—
Glogovac (2019)8	4	48	Primary arthroscopic RCR without concomitant procedures	—	9.5/79	7.1/53
Ansok (2020)1	2	18	Full-thickness rotator cuff tear as determined by ultrasound or MRI	Prior RCR, previously diagnosed primary sleep disorder, severe GHOA, adhesive capsulitis	8.4/—	—

^aDashes (—) indicate not reported. ASA, American Society of Anesthesiologists score; GHOA, glenohumeral osteoarthritis; LOE, level of evidence; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; NSAID, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug; Post, postoperative; Pre, preoperative; PSQI, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; RCR, rotator cuff repair; RCT, rotator cuff tear.

^bIndicates sleep quality beyond 6-month postoperative time point.

^cIndicates sleep quality beyond 12-month postoperative time point.