Table 1.
Association of demographic, residential, household and COVID-19-related variables with working in healthcare setting and COVID-19-related harassment and bullying
| Do you work in a healthcare delivery setting, such as a doctor’s office, clinic, hospital, nursing home or dentist’s office? | Have you or a family member been harassed, bullied or hurt because of coronavirus? | |||||
| Yes (checked), I do work in a healthcare setting | No (not checked), I do not work in a healthcare setting | P value* | Yes, I or someone have/has been bullied | No, I or someone have not/has not been bullied | P value* | |
| (n=837) | (n=6574) | (n=595) | (n=6456) | |||
| Among those tested: what was the result of the test for coronavirus? | ||||||
| Tested COVID-19 positive | 62 (52.5) | 56 (47.5) | <0.001 | 61 (51.7) | 57 (48.3) | <0.001 |
| Tested COVID-19 negative | 99 (33.2) | 199 (66.8) | 54 (18.1) | 244 (81.9) | ||
| Do you feel you now have—or have you recently had—coronavirus infection? | ||||||
| Believe have/have had COVID-19 | 151 (24.6) | 463 (75.4) | <0.001 | 167 (27.2) | 446 (72.8) | <0.001 |
| Do not believe have/have had COVID-19/DK if had COVID-19 | 678 (10.8) | 5597 (89.2) | 406 (6.5) | 5856 (93.5) | ||
| How closely are you following social or physical distancing, that is, staying at home, away from other people whenever you can or staying away from other people when in a public place? | ||||||
| Followed social distancing closely | 716 (11.7) | 5428 (88.3) | 0.003 | 475 (7.7) | 5655 (92.3) | <0.001 |
| Not followed social distancing closely | 118 (15.4) | 647 (84.6) | 101 (13.3) | 660 (86.7) | ||
| Bought or worn a protective mask (since the coronavirus outbreak) | ||||||
| Did not buy or wear mask | 146 (9.8) | 1350 (90.2) | 0.011 | 164 (11.1) | 1309 (88.9) | <0.001 |
| Bought or wore mask | 682 (12.1) | 4943 (87.9) | 428 (7.7) | 5108 (92.3) | ||
| Do you personally know someone who has died from coronavirus infection (or COVID-19)? | ||||||
| Did not have family, friend or neighbour die from COVID-19 | 626 (9.4) | 6068 (90.6) | <0.001 | 431 (6.8) | 5905 (93.2) | <0.001 |
| Had family, friend or neighbour die from COVID-19 | 211 (29.4) | 506 (70.6) | 164 (22.9) | 551 (77.1) | ||
| Do you personally know someone who has coronavirus infection (or COVID-19)? | ||||||
| Do not have family, friend or neighbour with COVID-19 | 505 (8.7) | 5315 (91.3) | <0.001 | 356 (6.5) | 5106 (93.5) | <0.001 |
| Have family, friend or neighbour with COVID-19 | 332 (20.9) | 1259 (79.1) | 239 (15.0) | 1350 (85.0) | ||
| If you were required to remain at home because of quarantine or school or work closure, would you be able to do at least part of your job from home, or not? | ||||||
| Could work from home/DK/NA | 516 (9.9) | 4678 (90.1) | <0.001 | 367 (7.1) | 4815 (92.9) | <0.001 |
| Could not work from home | 302 (21.0) | 1138 (79.0) | 179 (12.4) | 1259 (87.6) | ||
| What best describes your education? | ||||||
| High school or less education | 69 (7.2) | 884 (92.8) | <0.001 | 77 (8.1) | 873 (91.9) | 0.729 |
| More than high school education | 638 (12.8) | 4362 (87.2) | 387 (7.8) | 4590 (92.2) | ||
| What is your current age, in years? | ||||||
| Age under 32 years | 247 (12.2) | 1770 (87.8) | 0.7 | 165 (8.2) | 1842 (91.8) | 0.721 |
| Age 32 years or more | 493 (11.9) | 3648 (88.1) | 328 (8.0) | 3794 (92.0) | ||
| Which of the following best describes your gender: | ||||||
| Male | 366 (11.3) | 2861 (88.7) | 0.161 | 294 (9.2) | 2918 (90.8) | <0.001 |
| Female | 363 (12.8) | 2465 (87.2) | 188 (6.7) | 2629 (93.3) | ||
| Other option | 3 (8.3) | 33 (91.7) | 12 (33.3) | 24 (66.7) | ||
| Use social media daily | ||||||
| Does not use social media daily | 156 (9.5) | 1494 (90.5) | 0.007 | 158 (12.1) | 1146 (87.9) | <0.001 |
| Uses social media daily | 681 (11.8) | 5080 (88.2) | 437 (7.6) | 5310 (92.4) | ||
| UN region of residence | ||||||
| Africa Region | 79 (13.6) | 504 (86.4) | <0.001 | 59 (11.5) | 455 (88.5) | <0.001 |
| Northern Africa | 14 (9.7) | 130 (90.3) | 4 (0.03.3) | 116 (96.7) | ||
| Sub-Saharan Africa | 65 (14.8) | 374 (85.2) | 55 (0.14.0) | 339 (86.0) | ||
| Sub-Saharan Africa: Eastern Africa | 37 (16.7) | 184 (83.3) | 32 (0.16.1) | 167 (83.9) | ||
| Sub-Saharan Africa: Middle Africa | 4 (10.8) | 33 (89.2) | 4 (0.12.1) | 29 (87.9) | ||
| Sub-Saharan Africa: Southern Africa | 8 (11.8) | 60 (88.2) | 11 (0.17.5) | 52 (82.5) | ||
| Sub-Saharan Africa: Western Africa | 16 (14.2) | 97 (85.8) | 8 (0.08.1) | 91 (91.9) | ||
| Asia Region | 237 (16.2) | 1227 (83.8) | 141 (0.10.3) | 1234 (89.7) | ||
| Central Asia | 1 (25.0) | 3 (75.0) | 2 (0.50.0) | 2 (50.0) | ||
| Eastern Asia | 1 (3.8) | 25 (96.2) | 1 (0.04.0) | 24 (96.0) | ||
| South-eastern Asia | 22 (9.6) | 207 (90.4) | 13 (0.06.1) | 201 (93.9) | ||
| Southern Asia | 189 (17.0) | 924 (83.0) | 112 (0.10.7) | 932 (89.3) | ||
| Western Asia | 24 (26.1) | 68 (73.9) | 13 (0.14.8) | 75 (85.2) | ||
| Europe Region | 96 (6.2) | 1448 (93.8) | 76 (5.0) | 1433 (95.0) | ||
| Eastern Europe | 8 (8.7) | 84 (91.3) | 8 (9.0) | 81 (91.0) | ||
| Northern Europe | 42 (8.3) | 464 (91.7) | 34 (6.9) | 462 (93.1) | ||
| Southern Europe | 35 (4.9) | 678 (95.1) | 22 (3.2) | 674 (96.8) | ||
| Western Europe | 11 (4.7) | 222 (95.3) | 12 (5.3) | 216 (94.7) | ||
| Latin America and the Caribbean Region | 187 (11.4) | 1458 (88.6) | 99 (6.4) | 1459 (93.6) | ||
| Caribbean | 57 (14.7) | 330 (85.3) | 22 (6.0) | 342 (94.0) | ||
| Central America | 75 (11.3) | 589 (88.7) | 49 (7.8) | 580 (92.2) | ||
| South America | 55 (9.3) | 539 (90.7) | 28 (5.0) | 537 (95.0) | ||
| Northern America Region | 205 (12.1) | 1490 (87.9) | 172 (10.6) | 1455 (89.4) | ||
| Oceania Region | 33 (6.9) | 447 (93.1) | 48 (10.3) | 420 (89.7) | ||
| Australia and New Zealand | 28 (6.5) | 402 (93.5) | 41 (9.6) | 385 (90.4) | ||
| Melanesia | 0 (0) | 21 (100.0) | 2 (13.3) | 13 (86.7) | ||
| Micronesia | 0 (0) | 17 (100.0) | 0 (0) | 17 (100.0) | ||
| Polynesia | 5 (41.7) | 7 (58.3) | 5 (50.0) | 5 (50.0) | ||
| Do you or does someone in your household have a serious health condition such as high blood pressure, heart disease, lung disease, cancer or diabetes? | ||||||
| I do not have a chronic disease | 569 (9.6) | 5335 (90.4) | <0.001 | 402 (7.2) | 5146 (92.8) | <0.001 |
| I have a chronic disease | 268 (17.8) | 1239 (82.2) | 193 (12.8) | 1310 (87.2) | ||
| No one in my household has a chronic disease | 553 (10.1) | 4927 (89.9) | <0.001 | 421 (8.2) | 4703 (91.8) | 0.274 |
| Someone else in my household has a chronic disease | 284 (14.7) | 1647 (85.3) | 174 (9.0) | 1753 (91.0) | ||
| Are you responsible for taking care of children? | ||||||
| I am not responsible for care of children | 388 (9.7) | 3622 (90.3) | <0.001 | 254 (6.3) | 3748 (93.7) | <0.001 |
| I am responsible for care of children | 432 (16.4) | 2205 (83.6) | 295 (11.2) | 2334 (88.8) | ||
| Are you responsible for taking care of any elderly people? | ||||||
| I am not responsible for care of elders | 378 (8.6) | 4039 (91.4) | <0.001 | 254 (6.3) | 3748 (93.7) | <0.001 |
| I am responsible for care of elders | 450 (19.5) | 1855 (80.5) | 289 (12.6) | 2009 (87.4) | ||
| Do anyone in your household work in a healthcare delivery setting, such as a doctor’s office, clinic, hospital, nursing home or dentist’s office? | ||||||
| No one else in my household works in a healthcare setting | 754 (11.5) | 5806 (88.5) | 0.131 | 474 (7.6) | 5730 (92.4) | <0.001 |
| Someone else in my household works in a healthcare setting | 83 (9.8) | 768 (90.2) | 121 (14.3) | 726 (85.7) | ||
| Do you own a car? | ||||||
| I do not own a car | 244 (9.6) | 2299 (90.4) | <0.001 | 222 (8.8) | 2308 (91.2) | 0.276 |
| I own a car | 592 (13.9) | 3668 (86.1) | 341 (8.0) | 3911 (92.0) | ||
| Do you own a home? | ||||||
| I do not own a home | 263 (10.2) | 2305 (89.8) | <0.001 | 231 (9.0) | 2324 (91.0) | 0.092 |
| I own a home | 570 (13.5) | 3655 (86.5) | 332 (7.9) | 3884 (92.1) | ||
| Do people who have had coronavirus infection (or COVID-19) lose respect or status in the community? | ||||||
| People with COVID-19 lose status in the community | 306 (20.2) | 1208 (79.8) | 264 (17.5) | 1241 (82.5) | <0.001 | |
| People with COVID-19 do not lose status in the community | 530 (9.8) | 4865 (90.2) | 309 (5.7) | 5079 (94.3) | ||
| Do people talk badly or gossip about other people who are living with, have had or are thought to have coronavirus infection (or COVID-19)? | ||||||
| People gossip about other people with COVID-19 | 353 (18.8) | 1525 (81.2) | <0.001 | 274 (14.6) | 1598 (85.4) | <0.001 |
| People do not gossip about other people with COVID-19 | 476 (9.5) | 4532 (90.5) | 297 (5.9) | 4702 (94.1) | ||
*P value (χ2).
DK, Don't Know; NA, not available.