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. 2021 Jan 4;16:3. doi: 10.1186/s13011-020-00337-8

Table 4.

Showing predictors of alcohol use during pregnancy

Variable OR (95% CI)
Level of Education
 No formal education (Ref)
  Primary 0.9 (0.3 to 2.9)
 Secondary 2.13 (0.51 to 8.8)
Living Children
 One (Ref)
 Two 1.2 (0.42 to 3.2)
 Three 1.79 (0.66 to 4.8)
 Four 3.3 (0.95 to 11.9)
 Five and more 5.4 (1.3 to 22.5)*
Residence
 Rural (Ref)
 Urban 0.3 (0.17 to 0.91)
 Peri urban 0.1 (0.019 to 0.84)
Sex Partners in last Twelve Months
 One (Ref)
 Two or more 1.9 (0.6 to 6.5)
Knowledge of Anything that Could Harm Baby during Pregnancy
 Yes (Ref)
 No 0.2 (0.09 to 0.64)*
Attitude towards Alcohol Use During Pregnancy
 Negative (Ref)
 Fair attitude 0.2 (0.05 to 0.65)
 Positive attitude 0.16 (0.05 to 0.4)*
My Family would not approve of me drinking while pregnant
 Disagree (Ref)
 Agree 0.1 (0.04 to 0.36)*
My Friends and Community would approve of me drinking when pregnant
 Disagree (Ref)
 Agree 2.46 (0.84 to 7.1)
Ever received Information on drinking during pregnancy
 Yes (Ref)
 No 4.1 (1.64 to 10.1.)*
Knowledge of Dangers of Alcohol Use during Pregnancy
 Number of dangers 2.02 (0.7 to 5.6)
Number of Observations = 314
LR chi2 (16) = 127.05
Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

*p < 0.05

Insignificant bivariate variables were not included in the model: Age, education and religion