Table 1.

The main roles of CR in uterus, pregnancy and reproductive-related diseases

Authors	Year	Species	Aspects	Influence of CR
Elias et al. [78]	2007	Humans	Uterus	CR during puberty relates to irregular menses, and CR during childhood prolongs the time from menarche to regular menses.
Lumey et al. [79]	1998	Humans	Pregnancy	CR in early pregnancy triggers compensatory growth of placenta.
Roseboom et al. [80]	2006	Humans	Pregnancy	Prenatal CR gives lasting negative consequences to offspring’s health, especially in early gestation.
Harper et al. [81]	2015	Mice	Pregnancy	CR during early gestation makes placental alternations reversible, resulting in metabolically normal offspring.
Harrath et al. [82]	2017	Rats	Pregnancy	Female offspring exposed to prenatal CR have an early puberty onset and a short reproductive lifespan.
Yarde et al. [83]	2013	Humans	Pregnancy	No relationship between prenatal CR and reproductive activities of offspring.
Fenichel et al. [84]	2007	Humans	Reproductive-related diseases	CR develops hypothalamic amenorrhea.
Marzouk et al. [85]	2015	Humans	Reproductive-related diseases	CR alleviates the deleterious conditions of PCOS patients with obesity.
Lope et al. [86]	2019	Humans	Reproductive-related diseases	CR reduces the incidence of breast cancer

Notes: CR caloric restriction, PCOS polycystic ovary syndrome