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. 2020 Dec 31;10(12):e038489. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-038489

Table 1.

Study characteristics

Study, year Location Male (%) Age (years) Sample Imaging methodology Contrast used AVS characteristics Screening test for PA (ng/ml) Confirmatory test for PA
Li et al 201943 China 61 (50) 48.5 122 CT yes without ACTH SI ≥2 LI≥2 ARR Captopril test or salt-loading test
Campbell et al 201919 USA 45 (61) 55.6 74 CT or MRI no with ACTH, SI≥5, LI≥4 not ARR no
Aono et al 201942 Japan NA 56 317 CT no with ACTH, SI>2, LI≥2 ARR >20 Captopril test, furosemide upright test or salt-loading test
Sam et al 201920 Canada 201 (59) 52.1 342 CT or MRI yes with ACTH, SI>2, LI≥4 ARR no
Umakoshi et al 201841 Japan 762 (47.9) 53 1591 CT yes with ACTH, SI>5, LI>4 ARR Captopril test, furosemide upright test or salt-loading test
Nanba et al 201740 USA 87 (59) 54 147 CT no with ACTH, SI≥5, LI≥4 ARR Salt-loading test
Kamemura et al 201739 Japan 177 (45) 54 393 CT no with ACTH, SI>5, LI>4 ARR Captopril test, furosemide upright test or salt-loading test
Zhu et al 201638 China NA 46 394 CT no without ACTH, SI≥3, LI≥2 ARR Fludrocortisone test or salt-loading test
Pedersen et al 201618 Denmark 24 (54) 51 45 CT or MRI no without ACTH. SI /LI NA ARR Fludrocortisone test or postural test
Kocjan et al 201637 Slovenia 46 (69) 56 67 CT no with ACTH, SI>5, LI>4 ARR Salt-loading test
Asmar et al 201517 USA 148 (63) 55 235 CT or MRI no with ACTH, SI≥5, LI≥4 ARR no
Riester et al 201435 Germany NA 35 28 CT or MRI no without ACTH, SI≥2, LI≥4 ARR Salt-loading test
Sze et al 201436 UK 42 (56) 50.5 75 CT yes with ACTH, SI≥5, LI≥4 not ARR salt-loading test
Kűpers et al 201230 France 53 (61) 46 87 CT no with ACTH, SI≥2, LI≥4 ARR Salt-loading test
Lau et al 201232 UK 24 (64) 51.8 39 CT no with ACTH, SI≥5, LI≥4 not ARR salt-loading test
Burton et al 201234 UK NA 50.9 40 CT Yes without ACTH, LI≥4 not ARR no
Salem et al 201233 UK 16 (44) 44.7 38 CT no without ACTH, LI≥4 ARR Salt-loading test
Oh et al 201231 Korea 45 (52) 50.7 86 CT yes with ACTH, SI≥3, LI>4 ARR Salt-loading test
Sarlon-Bartoli et al 201129 France NA 52 58 CT yes without ACTH, SI≥1, LI>2 ARR no
Mathur et al 201028 USA 63 (55) 50.6 114 CT no with ACTH, SI>2, LI≥4 ARR Captopril test, posture test or salt-loading test
Mulatero et al 200827 Italy NA 52.4 70 CT yes 65 with ACTH; five without ACTH, SI>2, LI≥4 ARR Salt-loading test
Minami et al 200826 Japan 12 (34) 54 35 CT no with ACTH SI /LI NA ARR Salt-loading test
Nwariaku et al 200625 USA 27 (67) 51 40 CT yes with ACTH, SI≥3, LI>4 ARR Captopril test or posture test
Young et al 200424 USA 163 (84) 53 194 CT no with ACTH, SI>5, LI>4 ARR Salt-loading test
Magill et al 200123 USA 27 (71) 51 38 CT no with ACTH, SI≥3, LI≥4 ARR Salt-loading test

ACTH, adrenocorticotropic hormone; ARR, aldosterone-to-renin ratio; AVS, adrenal vein sampling; LI, lateralisation index; NA, not available; PA, primary aldosteronism; SI, selectivity index.