Table 2 .
Digital media use questionnaire and factor loading of digital media items
| Digital Media Subcategories and Factor Labelsa | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Social Media Posting | Reading news/articles & Browsing photos | Chat & Shopping | Gaming | Checking In | Music | |
| Posting your own photos, images, videos, status updates, or blogs | 0.7493 | |||||
| Sharing other people’s photos, images, videos, status updates, blogs, articles, news, or websites | 0.7178 | |||||
| Browsing or viewing photos, images, or videos (YouTube, Vine, Pinterest, Imgur, or Reddit, etc.) | 0.6593 | |||||
| Reading blogs, articles, news, online forums, or books on a phone, tablet, or computer | 0.5957 | |||||
| Video-chatting (Skype, Facetime, Omegle, etc.) | 0.5269 | |||||
| Online shopping or viewing products online (clothes, electronics, games, etc.) | 0.5144 | |||||
| Playing games with your friends and family on a console (Xbox, Playstation, Wii), personal computer, or cell phone | 0.7833 | |||||
| Playing games by yourself on a console (Xbox, Playstation, Wii), personal computer, or cell phone | 0.8474 | |||||
| Checking social media sites (Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, etc.) | 0.5983 | |||||
| Texting (Text messaging) | 0.6555 | |||||
| Streaming or downloading music (iTunes, Pandora, YouTube, etc.) | 0.5256 | |||||
| Liking or commenting on other people’s statuses, wall posts, pictures, etc.c | ||||||
| Watching streamed television shows or movies (Netflix, Hulu, iTunes, etc.)c | ||||||
| Chatting online (instant messaging, Facebook messenger, etc.)c | ||||||
| Eigenvalued | 2.3 | 2.14 | 2.12 | 1.96 | 1.73 | 1.55 |
Digital media subcategories were developed using exploratory factor analysis (iterated principal factors) with promax factor rotation. Rotated factor structures were investigated to identify items with weak factor loadings (<0.4) or cross loadings (<0.1 difference in loading on 2 or more factors), which were removed from the analysis iteratively. The model was determined to be finalized when all remaining items had a strong factor loading (>0.4) on at least one factor and no cross loading (>0.1) on 2 or more factors. Blanks indicate factor loadings below 0.4.
The digital media questionnaire asked participants to rate, “How often did you do this activity in the past week?” for each item in the list, and answer choices were, “Never; A little (1–2times/week); Every day (1 or 2 times/day); Many times a day”.
Three items were iteratively removed from the factor analysis due to weak factor loadings (<0.4) or cross loadings (<0.1 difference in loading on 2 or more factors).
Once the list of items was finalized, the number of factors was determined based on eigenvalues (>1.0) and evaluation of scree plots.