Figure 5.

Lactate increases histone lactylation amounts at the promoters of the profibrotic genes in macrophages. BMDMs were treated with or without 20 mM lactate. Twenty-four hours after treatment, the cells were fixed with 1% formaldehyde and collected in radioimmunoprecipitation assay (RIPA) buffer for sonication. A chromatin IP assay was performed using anti–lactyl-lysine antibody. (A and B) The histone lactylation amounts within the proximal promoter regions of the indicated genes (A) and reference ACTB gene (B) were determined by real-time PCR (n = 6; mean ± SD). *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, and ***P < 0.001 by two-tailed Student’s t test. ACTB = actin β.