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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Jan 4.
Published in final edited form as: FASEB J. 2019 Dec 12;34(2):2376–2391. doi: 10.1096/fj.201901791R

Figure 2.

Figure 2.

Female IR-cKO mice are infertile. (A) Females from control (n=12), each single receptor knockout (n=8), and double receptor knockout (n=12) groups were bred to males of established fertility. All mice presented with vaginal plugs indicating mating had occurred. The apparent delay to receive the plug in Insr-cKO, Igf1r-cKO, and IR-cKO mice was not significantly different than controls. After the observation of a vaginal plug, males were separated and females monitored for subsequent pregnancy and parturition. Litter sizes in Insr-cKO were not significantly different from control pairs. In contrast, Igf1r-cKO exhibited significant subfertility and IR-cKO mice failed to produce any litters. Letters denote means that are significantly different, P <0.05. (B) Two month old females of established fertility (for control and single receptor knockout groups) and 4 randomly selected IR-cKO females were paired with males of established fertility and monitored for 5 months. Continuous breeding assessment shows cumulative number of progeny per female (n=4, *P <0.001). (C) Aggregate pups per litter among pairings that produced a litter. Total number of litters indicated in each column. Letters denote means that are significantly different, P <0.05.