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. 2020 Dec 21;22(12):e19767. doi: 10.2196/19767

Table 5.

Risk groups and characteristic distribution of study participants.

Characteristic Risk group, n (%)



High (n=106) Medium (n=1368) Low (n=114) Total, n (%) χ² (df) P value
Sex



17.5 (2) <.001

Male 46 (43.4) 471 (34.4) 60 (52.6) 577 (36.3)

Female 60 (56.6) 897 (65.6) 54 (47.4) 1011 (63.7)

Age (years)



142.6 (6) <.001

≤34 20 (18.9) 364 (26.6) 52 (45.6) 436 (27.5)

35–44 11 (10.4) 398 (29.1) 29 (25.4) 438 (27.6)

45–64 49 (46.2) 564 (41.2) 32 (28.1) 645 (40.6)

≥65 26 (24.5) 42 (3.1) 1 (0.9) 69 (4.3)

Education level



234.5 (6) <.001

Junior high school or below 21 (19.8) 9 (0.7) 0 (0) 30 (1.9)

Senior high school 26 (24.5) 135 (9.9) 4 (3.5) 165 (10.4)

University or college 45 (42.5) 841 (61.5) 73 (64) 959 (60.4)

Graduate school 14 (13.2) 383 (28) 37 (32.5) 434 (27.3)

Married



7 (2) .029

No 40 (37.7) 569 (41.6) 61 (53.5) 670 (42.2)

Yes 66 (62.3) 799 (58.4) 53 (46.5) 918 (57.8)

Employment



40.8 (6) <.001

Professional 39 (36.8) 653 (47.7) 50 (43.9) 742 (46.7)

Service industry 30 (28.3) 514 (37.6) 42 (36.8) 586 (36.9)

Manual work 17 (16.0) 95 (6.9) 3 (2.6) 115 (7.2)

Unemployed 20 (18.9) 106 (7.7) 19 (16.7) 145 (9.1)

Income (NT $)a,b



90.3 (12) <.001

0 22 (20.8) 86 (6.3) 15 (13.2) 123 (7.7)

≤$23,800 20 (18.9) 79 (5.8) 18 (15.8) 117 (7.4)

$23,801-$30,000 10 (9.4) 167 (12.2) 9 (7.9) 186 (11.7)

$30,001-$50,000 24 (22.6) 522 (38.2) 27 (23.7) 573 (36.1)

$50,001-$70,000 12 (11.3) 276 (20.2) 18 (15.8) 306 (19.3)

$70,001-$100,000 9 (8.5) 148 (10.8) 20 (17.5) 177 (11.1)

≥$100,001 9 (8.5) 90 (6.6) 7 (6.1) 106 (6.7)

Level of internet use



177.8 (4) <.001

Never or rarely 30 (28.3) 34 (2.5) 0 (0.0) 64 (4)

Several times per week/month 5 (4.7) 70 (5.1) 2 (1.8) 77 (4.8)

Several times per day 71 (67.0) 1264 (92.4) 112 (98.2) 1447 (91.1)

Health status



29.4 (4) <.001

Poor 18 (17.0) 90 (6.6) 4 (3.5) 112 (7.1)

Normal 51 (48.1) 649 (47.4) 40 (35.1) 740 (46.6)

Good 37 (34.9) 629 (46) 70 (61.4) 736 (46.3)

Exercise frequency



11.8 (4) .019

Never 27 (25.5) 286 (20.9) 19 (16.7) 332 (20.9)

Sometimes 54 (50.9) 883 (64.5) 72 (63.2) 1009 (63.5)

Daily 25 (23.6) 199 (14.5) 23 (20.2) 247 (15.6)

aA currency exchange rate of NT $1=US $0.035 is applicable.

bAverage regular earnings of all employees (including full-time or part-time employees with Taiwanese nationality or foreigners) was New Taiwan dollar (NT) $42,495. The poverty level income ranged from NT$11,648 to NT$24,293 in 2019 in Taiwan.