Fig. 2.

Thioredoxin expression is upregulated by SOCS1 via increased NRF-2 binding to the ARE of the thioredoxin promoter. THP1 cells transduced with SOCS1 or shSOCS1 were stimulated with LPS and the expression levels of antioxidant proteins were analyzed by immunoblotting (A, B). Thioredoxin levels were confirmed in SOCS1-transduced cells by RT-PCR (C). NRF-2 levels and NRF-2 binding to the ARE of the thioredoxin promoter were assessed by immu-noblotting and CHIP assays as described in Supplementary Materials (D, E).