Table 1.
General characteristics of the study population
| Total (n=3,010) | Men (n=1,429) | Women (n=1,581) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (y) | 76.5±3.9 | 76.8±3.9 | 76.2±3.9 | <0.001 |
| Education (y) | 8.7±6.3 | 10.6±5.7 | 6.7±6.2 | <0.001 |
| Nutritional status, MNA score | 12.8±1.5 | 12.9±1.5 | 12.8±1.5 | 0.221 |
| Cognitive function, MMSE score | 25.5±3.4 | 26.1±3.0 | 24.9±3.5 | <0.001 |
| Depressive status, GDS score | 3.3±3.7 | 2.5±3.2 | 4.0±4.0 | <0.001 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 24.4±3.0 | 23.9±2.9 | 24.9±3.1 | <0.001 |
| Gait speed (m/s) | 1.1±0.3 | 1.1±0.3 | 1.1±0.2 | <0.001 |
| Grip strength (kg) | 26.2±7.6 | 32.1±6.0 | 20.9±4.2 | <0.001 |
| Timed Up and Go test (s) | 10.6±2.9 | 10.3±2.7 | 10.8±3.0 | <0.001 |
| SPPB total score | 10.8±1.6 | 11.1±1.3 | 10.5±1.7 | <0.001 |
| Low SPPB (total score ≤9) | 549 (18.2) | 175 (12.3) | 374 (23.7) | <0.001 |
| CHS frailty criteria scorea) | 1.1±1.8 | 1.1±1.8 | 1.2±1.8 | 0.070 |
| Robust | 1,325 (45.6) | 696 (50.4) | 629 (41.3) | |
| Prefrail | 1,362 (46.9) | 591 (42.8) | 771 (50.6) | |
| Frail | 218 (7.5) | 95 (6.9) | 123 (8.1) |
Values are presented as mean±standard deviation or number (%).
CHS, Cardiovascular Health Study; GDS, Geriatric Depression Scale; MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination; MNA, Mini Nutritional Assessment Short Form; SPPB, Short Physical Performance Battery.
a)
Analysis of CHS frailty score in 1,382 men and 1,523 women.