Fig. 6.

Transition from NE to non‐NE mediated by NRAS ^Q61K. (A) Phase‐contrast images of Glc16 cells transduced with retrovirus containing NRAS ^Q61K or the empty vector. Scale bar, 100 µm. (B) The cell extracts were immunoblotted for the detection of indicated protein including NE markers (ASCL1 and SYP). (C) RNA was collected as well, and quantitative PCR was carried out using probes for indicated genes including mesenchymal markers and transcription factors (E‐cadherin, vimentin, SNAI1, TWIST, and ZEB1). (D) The empty vector/NRAS ^Q61K‐transduced Glc16 cell lines were treated with increasing doses of trametinib or selumetinib, and the cell viability was assessed by MTS after 72 h (n = 6, mean ± SD). (E) The NRAS ^Q61K transduced Glc16 cell line was treated with increasing doses of trametinib or torin2 alone, or in combination, and the cell viability was assessed by MTS after 72 h (n = 6, mean ± SD).