Table 1. Baseline characteristics of COVID-19 hospitalizations with vs. without liver injury.
| Variable | With liver injury, n=476 (74.5%) | Without liver injury, n=163 (25.5%) | p* |
| Age in years at admission | |||
| Mean age±standard deviation | 58.89±15.61 | 61.92±17.32 | 0.038 |
| Sex | 0.041 | ||
| Male | 63.0% | 54.0% | |
| Female | 37.0% | 46.0% | |
| Race | 0.26 | ||
| White | 22.1% | 21.5% | |
| African American | 24.6% | 30.7% | |
| Hispanic | 38.2% | 30.7% | |
| Asian or Pacific Islander | 2.9% | 6.1% | |
| Other | 11.1% | 9.8% | |
| Insurance status | 0.23 | ||
| Uninsured/self-pay | 16.0% | 16.0% | |
| Medicare/Medicaid | 40.1% | 45.4% | |
| Private insurance | 41.8% | 34.4% | |
| Unknown | 1.9% | 4.3% | |
| Comorbidities | |||
| Alcohol abuse | 14.9% | 10.4% | 0.268 |
| Asthma/COPD | 10.5% | 11.0% | 0.713 |
| HIV/AIDS | 1.1% | 1.8% | 0.789 |
| Congestive heart failure | 4.8% | 8.6% | 0.247 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 34.5% | 43.6% | 0.078 |
| OSA/OHS | 1.9% | 0.6% | 0.521 |
| Hypertension | 50.6% | 58.9% | 0.221 |
| Malignancy | 5.0% | 3.7% | 0.321 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 7.6% | 15.3% | 0.010 |
| Coronary artery disease | 8.0% | 14.1% | 0.05 |
| In- hospital Outcomes | |||
| All cause in-hospital mortality | 35.5% | 22.7% | <0.001 |
| Cardiac arrest | 26.1% | 14.1% | <0.001 |
| Intubation | 30% | 14.7% | <0.001 |
| ARDS | 43.1% | 30.7% | 0.004 |
| Arrhythmias | 5.2% | 0.6% | 0.05 |
| Shock | 15% | 2.8% | 0.016 |
*
p≤0.05 at 95% confidence interval indicates statistical significance.
Abbreviations: ARDS, acute respiratory response syndrome; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; OSA/OHS, obstructive sleep apnea/obesity hypoventilation syndrome; HIV/AIDS, human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.