Table 2.

Comparison of analgesic methods for male circumcision

Authors	Sample size (n)	Pain scale	Technique	Results
Kass et al. [17]	47	crying time/MBPS/heart rate/respiratory rate	Gomco	DPNB (n = 24) vs. dextrose solution (n = 23)
Macke et al. [18]	60	NCAFS/crying time/heart rate	Gomco	Acetaminophen vs. placebo
Malnory et al. [20]	53	NIPS	Gomco	Acetaminophen vs. placebo
Choi et al. [21]	63	NIPS	unknown	EMLA and sodium chloride solution DPNB (n = 31) vs. placebo cream and bupivacaine DPNB (n = 32)
Lehr et al. [23]	53	heart rate/respiratory rate/SpO2	Gomco	DPNB vs. EMLA vs. Lidocaine 4% cream
South et al. [24]	44	PIPP/heart rate/crying time	Gomco	DPNB + Tylenol (n = 22) vs. DPNB + Tylenol + non-nutritive sucking (n = 22)
Lehr et al. [27]	53	NFCS/crying time	Gomco	DPNB vs. EMLA vs. Lidocaine 4% cream
Banieghbal et al. [28]	581	NIPS	Gomco	RB vs. RB + milk/sucrose
Bilgen et al. [29]	50	NIPS	Unknown	Caudal block with low volume high concentration bupivacaine vs. Caudal block with standard dose bupivacaine
Roman-Rodriguezet al. [30]	791	NIPS	Gomco	sucrose vs. RB + sucrose
Al Qahtani et al. [31]	90	N-PASS	Plastibell	EMLA vs. sucrose vs. EMLA + sucrose
Sharara-Chami et al. [32]	70	NIPS	Gomco	EMLA vs. EMLA + sucrose vs. EMLA + sucrose + DPNB vs. EMLA + sucrose + RB
Modekwe et al. [33]	110	SpO2	Plastibell	EMLA vs. DPNB

In italics are the most effective analgesic methods and the studies using validated pain scales