Table 1.
Characteristics of participants and pregnancy outcomes in Auckland and Cork populations
| Variables | Auckland | Cork | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control (n = 40) | Case (n = 40) | p-value | Control (n = 40) | Case (n = 40) | p-value | |
| Participants characteristics: | ||||||
| Ethnicity | ||||||
| Caucasian | 35 (87.5%) | 35 (87.5%) | 1.0 | 40 (100%) | 40 (100%) | NA |
| Othera | 5 (12.5%) | 5 (12.5%) | 0 | 0 | ||
| Socioeconomics index | 50 (36.75–50.75) | 48 (39.25–59.75) | 0.615 | 43.5 (29.0–50.0) | 30 (22.00-45.75) | 0.08 |
| Age (years) | 31.00 (28.00-32.75) | 31.00 (29.00–34.00) | 0.448 | 29 (23.5–31) | 28 (24.25-31) | 0.412 |
| Primigravida | 31 (77.5%) | 24 (60%) | 0.147c | 35 (87.5%) | 33 (82.5%) | 0.755 c |
| BMI (kg/m2) at 15weeks of gestation | 23.35 (22.33–26.08) | 24.30 (21.68–27.20) | 0.969 | 24.65 (21.58–27.83) | 24.85 (23.13–29.38) | 0.607 |
| At 20 weeks’ gestation: | ||||||
| Current smoker | 3 (7.5%) | 2 (5%) | 1.0c | 4 (10%) | 12 (30%) | 0.048c |
| Current alcohol consumer | 7 (17.5%) | 5 (12.5%) | 0.755c | 6 (15%) | 6 (15%) | 1.0c |
| Current drug user | 2 (5%) | 1 (2.5%) | 1.0 c | 0 | 0 | NA |
| Gestation (weeks) | 19.86 (19.18–20.4) | 20.14 (19.43–20.43) | 0.228 | 20.86 (20.33–21.14) | 20.71 (20.04–21.14) | 0.396 |
| Pregnancy outcome: | ||||||
| GDM | ||||||
| Yes | 0 | 1 (2.5%) | 0.574 | 0 | 0 | 0.31c |
| No | 35 (87.5%) | 35 (87.5%) | 8 (20%) | 13 (32.5%) | ||
| Unknown | 5 (12.5%) | 4 (10%) | 32 (80%) | 27 (67.5%) | ||
| Diagnosed with PE | 0 | 0 | NA | 0 | 0 | NA |
| Diagnosed with GH | 0 | 0 | NA | 0 | 1 (2.5%) | 1.0c |
| sPTB, < 37w | 0 | 1 (2.5%) | 1.0c | 0 | 0 | NA |
| Gestational age at delivery (weeks) | 40.22 (39.14–41.07) | 39.57 (38.9-40.43) | 0.214 | 40.64 (39.9-41.25) | 39.86 (38.25-41) | 0.014 |
| Customised birthweight centileb | 54 (30.25–78.75) | 3.4 (2–5) | < 0.001 | 49 (35.45–65.83) | 2.35 (0.8–4.48) | < 0.001 |
Values are shown as mean (SD), median (interquartile range) or n (%)
NA Not applicable; BMI Body mass index; GDM gestational diabetes mellitus; PE pre-eclampsia; GH gestational hypertension; sPTB spontaneous preterm birth; all mothers were nulliparous
aIncluding African, Asian, Maori and Pacific Islander
badjusted for mother’s height, weight at 15 weeks visit, ethnicity, sex and weight of baby and gestation at delivery of baby; cadjusted with Fisher’s Exact Test