Table 3.

Significant (adjusted p-value <0.05) metabolites of interest detected in urine samples

Metabolite	Chemical class	Biological function or pathway	Adjusted p-value	Fold change	Direction in SGA group	Population
Sulfolithocholic acid	Bile acid	Nutrient absorption and transport Lipid metabolism pathway	7.66E − 03	1.12	Down	Cork
Estriol-16-Glucuronide	Steroid and steroid derivatives	Detoxification Lipid metabolism pathway	3.83E − 04	1.12	Down	Cork
4-Hydroxybenzaldehyde	Hydroxybenzaldehyde		4.79E − 02	1.17	Down	Cork
Neuromedin N (1–4)	Carboxylic acids and derivatives, neuropeptide		2.71E − 02	1.02	Down	Cork
D-Glucuronic acid	Glucuronic acid	Detoxification	4.10E − 02	1.05	Down	Auckland
18-Hydroxycortisol	Steroid and steroid derivatives	Lipid metabolism pathway	4.36E − 02	1.13	Down	Auckland
Beta-1,4-Mannosyl-N-acetylglucosamine	Organooxygen compounds		3.88E − 02	1.05	Down	Auckland