Table 3.
Risk factors highlighted by national situation assessments within NCD strategic plans; N = 24 plans.
| Risk factors | |
|---|---|
| Any Behavioral Risk | 100% |
| Exercise/Sedentary Lifestyle | 92% |
| Low fruit/vegetable/high fat, salt, excessive Diet | 96% |
| Alcohol Abuse | 92% |
| Smoking | 96% |
| Drug Abuse/Khat | 25% |
| Undernutrition/Micronutrient deficiency | 25% |
| Unhealthy sexual behaviour | 13% |
| Occupational | 33% |
| Any Infectious Risk or Comorbidity | 63% |
| HIV | 38% |
| HPV | 33% |
| Hepatitis B ± Hepatitis C | 25% |
| Streptococcal for RHD | 13% |
| NCD infection co-morbidity as risk factor (Depression and CVD; Diabetes and CKD) | 38% |
| Other (Measles, H pylori, vaccine-preventable, neurocystocosis, trachoma) | 17% |
| Any Environmental Risk | 67% |
| Urbanization (Including difficulty exercising, overcrowding, stress) | 29% |
| Traffic/Unsafe driving/Poor road infrastructure | 29% |
| Outdoor Air Pollution | 42% |
| Indoor Air pollution | 33% |
| Pesticides | 17% |
| Sun Exposure | 13% |
| Any Intermediate Risk | 96% |
| High Blood Pressure/Hypertension | 92% |
| Obesity | 96% |
| Raised blood lipid/Cholesterol | 63% |
| High blood sugar/Hyperglycemia | 54% |
| Any Structural Risk | 38% |
| Cultural (Early Marriage/Communal living and Cooking/Traditional Food Preparation) | 13% |
| Societal (education, employment and work options) | 17% |
| Globalization | 17% |
| Political/Regulatory | 13% |
| Conflict/War/Violence | 17% |
| Socioeconomic (Poverty, Unemployment) | 25% |
| Any Genetic or Biologic Risk | 50% |
| Genetic/Family history | 46% |
| Sickle Cell | 25% |
| Race | 21% |
| Gender | 25% |
| Ageing | 42% |