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. 2021 Jan 4;4:19. doi: 10.1038/s42003-020-01490-3

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© The Author(s) 2021, corrected publication 2021

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Fig. 1 — The catecholamine neurotransmitter dopamine is oxidised into the catecholaldehyde DOPAL (3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde) by monoamine oxidases (MAO), and further converted into the less toxic catecholic acid DOPAC (3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid) by aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDH).