Table 1.
Vital Signs/Variables for Which There Is Preliminary Published Data38-43 That Could Result From a New PVOH Configuration Along With Technical Comments of Feasibility and Differences From Currently Used Technologies.
| Variable | Current status | Noninvasive PVOH |
|---|---|---|
| Temperature | Handheld device at various times, epidermal | Resting probe on one or two sites, continuous, epidermal |
| Pulse | Photoplethysmography, in person or sensor (Doppler) | Continuous probe using light source |
| Blood pressure | Intermittent manometer | Continuous mean arterial pressure via light signal from small capillaries |
| Respiratory rate | In person, chest strap | Continuous via light signal changes detected by PVOH/FFT with each breath in small capillaries |
| Hematocrit | Blood sample/lab, or hemoglobin concentration, ie, SpHb as a surrogate | Noninvasive continuous per PVOH |
| Plasma volume | Blood sample lab | Noninvasive continuous per PVOH |
| Oxygen saturation | Colorimetrically in capillaries (pulse oximetry, ie, SpO2) | Adapt to current probe configuration, PVOH/FFT |
| pH | Blood sample to laboratory | Adapt Raman spectroscopy as previously published to existing configuration, continuous |
| Glucose | Blood sample bedside or lab | Adapt tissue-modulated Raman spectroscopy as previously described with improved enabling technologies, continuous |
| Blood bacterial detection and enumeration | Blood sample to lab, culture | Light sizing detection of particles as previously published, continuous |
| Blood viral load | Blood sample to lab, culture | Light sizing of particles to be developed, continuous |
| Ankle/brachial index | Dedicated technician | Light signal detection using second probe currently on PVOH continuous |
FFT, fast Fourier transform; PVOH, plasma volume hematocrit device.