Table 1.
Subject Characteristics for 218 Opium Users and 80 Non-users (Controls) from the GCS.
| Characteristic | Opium user (n = 218) | Non-user (n = 80) | p-value2 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age at enrollment years, mean (SD) [range] | 49.8 (6.4) [39.7, 68.6] | 48.1 (6.2) [39.7, 62.5] | 0.039 |
| Male (count, %) | 172 (78.9%) | 51 (63.8%) | 0.008 |
| Tobacco smoking status | 3.9 × 10−7 | ||
| Current smoker (count, %) | 113 (51.8%) | 19 (23.8%) | |
| Former smoker (count, %) | 24 (11.0%) | 3 (3.7%) | |
| Never smoker (count, %) | 81 (37.2%) | 58 (72.5%) | |
| Opium use, maximum nokhods per week (range)1 | 12.0 - 168.0 | - | |
| Route of opium administration | |||
| Inhalation | 126 (57.8%) | - | |
| Ingestion | 92 (42.2%) | - | |
| Body mass index, mean (SD) | 23.7 (4.4) | 28.2 (5.2) | 4.3 × 10−10 |
| History of alcohol use | 54 (24.8) | 7 (8.8) | 0.002 |
1
Nokhod is the local measurement for the amount of opium used, and is equivalent to ~0.2 grams (26).
2
p-values < 0.05 are in bold text.