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Impact of depleted gut microbiota on the kidney in CKD. Gene expression of (A) IL-1b, (B) IL-4, (C) IL-6, (D) IL-12a, (E) TNF-α, (F) GM-CSF, (G) MIP-1β, (H) Col1a1, and (I) fibronectin (FN) in the kidney of Vehicle and ABX-treated mice submitted or not to UUO (N = 4 to 8). *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001; ****p < 0.0001.
