Table 1.
Demographics and Clinical Characteristics of Survey Participants by Positive Antibody Test and Positive PCR Test for COVID19 Among 1,770 Healthcare Providers
| Characteristic | Overall (n=1,770), No. (%) |
Antibody Result, No. (%) | PCR Result, No. (%) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Negative (n=1,731) |
Positive (n=39) |
Negative (n=1,766) |
Positive (n=4) |
||
| Sex | |||||
| Female | 1,337 (75.5) | 1,309 (75.6) | 28 (71.8) | 1,335 (75.6) | 2 (50.0) |
| Male | 433 (24.5) | 422 (24.4) | 11 (28.2) | 431 (24.4) | 2 (50.0) |
| Age group, y | |||||
| 18–35 | 802 (45.3) | 784 (45.3) | 18 (46.2) | 799 (45.2) | 3 (75.0) |
| 36–45 | 460 (26.0) | 452 (26.1) | 8 (20.5) | 460 (26.1) | 0 (0.0) |
| 45–55 | 323 (18.3) | 314 (18.1) | 9 (23.1) | 322 (18.2) | 1 (25.0) |
| 56–65 | 146 (8.2) | 144 (8.3) | 2 (5.1) | 146 (8.3) | 0 (0.0) |
| >65 | 39 (2.2) | 37 (2.1) | 2 (5.1) | 39 (2.2) | 0 (0.0) |
| Race/Ethnicity | |||||
| African American/Black | 58 (3.3) | 55 (3.2) | 3 (7.7) | 58 (3.3) | 0 (0.0) |
| Asian | 510 (28.8) | 500 (28.9) | 10 (25.6) | 510 (28.9) | 0 (0.0) |
| Caucasian | 721 (40.7) | 709 (41.0) | 12 (30.8) | 721 (40.8) | 0 (0.0) |
| Hispanic/Latino | 317 (17.9) | 305 (17.6) | 12 (30.8) | 314 (17.8) | 3 (75.0) |
| Native American | 6 (0.3) | 6 (0.4) | 0 (0.0) | 6 (0.3) | 0 (0.0) |
| Pacific Islander | 73 (4.1) | 73 (4.2) | 0 (0.0) | 73 (4.1) | 0 (0.0) |
| Other | 80 (4.5) | 78 (4.5) | 2 (5.1) | 79 (4.5) | 1 (25.0) |
| Decline to state | 5 (0.3) | 5 (0.3) | 0 (0.0) | 5 (0.3) | 0 (0.0) |
| Previous diagnosis of COVID-19 | |||||
| No | 1,748 (98.8) | 1,723 (99.5) | 25 (64.1) | 1,744 (98.8) | 4 (100.0) |
| Yes | 22 (1.2) | 8 (0.5) | 14 (35.9) | 22 (1.2) | 0 (0.0) |
| Previous PCR test for SARS-CoV-2 | |||||
| No | 1,598 (90.3) | 1,574 (90.9) | 24 (61.5) | 1,594 (90.3) | 4 (100.0) |
| Yes | 172 (9.7) | 157 (9.1) | 15 (38.5) | 172 (9.7) | 0 (0.0) |
| Previous positive PCR result | 15 (8.7) | 2 (1.3) | 13 (86.7) | 15 (100.0) | 0(0.0) |
| Previous negative PCR result | 157 (91.3) | 155 (98.7) | 2 (13.3) | 157 (100.0) | 0 (0.0) |
| Previous antibody test for SARS-CoV-2 | |||||
| No | 1,736 (98.1) | 1,697 (98.0) | 39 (100.0) | 1,732 (98.1) | 4 (100.0) |
| Yes | 34 (1.9) | 34 (2.0) | 0 (0.0) | 34 (1.9) | 0 (0.0) |
| Previous antibody test positive | 1 (2.9) | 1 (2.9) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (2.9) | 0 (0.0) |
| Previous antibody test negative | 33 (97.1) | 33 (97.1) | 0 (0.0) | 33 (97.1) | 0 (0.0) |
| Known community exposure | |||||
| No | 1,710 (96.6) | 1,676 (96.8) | 34 (87.2) | 1,706 (96.6) | 4 (100.0) |
| Yes | 60 (3.4) | 55 (3.2) | 5 (12.8) | 60 (3.4) | 0 (0.0) |
| % working with COVID-19 patients | |||||
| 0% | 124 (7.0) | 121 (7.0) | 3 (7.7) | 124 (7.0) | 0 (0) |
| 1%–25% | 287 (16.2) | 280 (16.2) | 7 (17.9) | 287 (16.3) | 0 (0) |
| 26%–50% | 212 (12.0) | 207 (12.0) | 5 (12.8) | 212 (12.0) | 0 (0.0) |
| 51%–75% | 278 (15.7) | 275 (15.9) | 3 (7.7) | 277 (15.7) | 1 (25.0) |
| 76%–100% | 869 (49.1) | 848 (49.0) | 21 (53.8) | 866 (49.0) | 3 (75.0) |
| Exposed without PPE | |||||
| No | 1,544 (87.2) | 1,512 (87.3) | 32 (82.1) | 1,540 (87.2) | 4 (100.0) |
| Yes | 226 (12.8) | 219 (12.7) | 7 (17.9) | 266 (12.8) | 0 (0.0) |
| Primary facility | |||||
| Skilled nursing facilities | 27 (1.5) | 27 (1.6) | 0 (0.0) | 27 (1.5) | 0 (0.0) |
| Chula Vista inpatient hospital | 460 (26.0) | 445 (25.7) | 15 (38.5) | 456 (25.8) | 4 (100.0) |
| Coronado inpatient hospital | 90 (5.1) | 88 (5.1) | 2 (5.1) | 90 (5.1) | 0 (0.0) |
| Grossmont inpatient hospital | 521 (29.4) | 515 (29.8) | 6 (15.4) | 521 (29.5) | 0 (0.0) |
| Central/Metropolitan inpatient hospital | 516 (29.2) | 506 (29.2) | 10 (25.6) | 516 (29.2) | 0 (0.0) |
| Inpatient behavioral health hospital | 156 (8.8) | 150 (8.7) | 6 (15.4) | 156 (8.8) | 0 (0.0) |
| Job category | |||||
| Nurse | 1,129 (63.8) | 1,101 (63.6) | 28 (71.8) | 1,127 (63.8) | 2 (50.0) |
| Nurse practitioner | 12 (0.7) | 12 (0.7) | 0 (0.0) | 12 (0.7) | 0 (0.0) |
| Nursing assistant | 154 (8.7) | 149 (8.6) | 5 (12.8) | 153 (8.7) | 1 (25.0) |
| Phlebotomist | 106 (6.0) | 106 (6.1) | 0 (0.0) | 106 (6.0) | 0 (0.0) |
| Physician | 110 (6.2) | 108 (6.2) | 2 (5.1) | 110 (6.2) | 0 (0.0) |
| Respiratory therapist | 121 (6.8) | 121 (7.0) | 0 (0.0) | 121 (6.9) | 0 (0.0) |
| Social worker, case manager, office staff | 35 (2.0) | 35 (2.0) | 0 (0.0) | 35 (2.0) | 0 (0.0) |
| Technician | 65 (3.7) | 62 (3.6) | 3 (7.7) | 64 (3.6) | 1 (25.0) |
| Therapist | 22 (1.2) | 21 (1.2) | 1 (2.6) | 22 (1.2) | 0 (0.0) |
| Other | 16 (0.9) | 16 (0.9) | 0 (0.0) | 16 (0.9) | 0 (0.0) |
| Primary unit | |||||
| High-risk direct COVID care units | 1,304 (73.7) | 1,273 (73.5) | 31 (79.5) | 1,300 (73.6) | 4 (100.0) |
| Emergency department | 439 (24.8) | 431 (24.9) | 8 (20.5) | 438 (24.8) | 1 (25.0) |
| Medical COVID unit | 495 (28.0) | 479 (27.7) | 16 (41.0) | 492 (27.9) | 3 (75.0) |
| Medical intensive care unit | 262 (14.8) | 258 (14.9) | 4 (10.3) | 262 (14.8) | 0 (0.0) |
| Surgical intensive care unit | 108 (6.1) | 105 (6.1) | 3 (7.7) | 108 (6.1) | 0 (0.0) |
| Behavioral health | 188 (10.6) | 181 (10.5) | 7 (17.9) | 188 (10.6) | 0 (0.0) |
| Endoscopy | 38 (2.1) | 37 (2.1) | 1 (2.6) | 38 (2.2) | 0 (0.0) |
| Laboratory, microbiology or pathology | 100 (5.6) | 100 (5.8) | 0 (0.0) | 100 (5.7) | 0 (0.0) |
| Skilled nursing facility | 63 (3.6) | 63 (3.6) | 0 (0.0) | 63 (3.6) | 0 (0.0) |
| Other | 77 (4.4) | 77 (4.4) | 0 (0.0) | 77 (4.4) | 0 (0.0) |
Note. PPE, personal protective equipment. Bolded numbers indicate statistical significance was found based on P < .05 Pearson χ2 or Fisher exact tests.