Table 2.
Multivariable Logistic Regression for Adjusted Odds of PCR or Ab Positive in 1,770 Healthcare Providers and 1,748 Healthcare Providers with No Previous Diagnosis of COVID-19
| Characteristic | Odds of Positive PCR or Ab | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| All study participants (No. positive, 41; C-statistic, 0.86) |
No previous diagnosis of COVID-19 (No. positive, 27; C-statistic, 0.80) |
|||
| No. | OR (95% CI) | No. | OR (95% CI) | |
| Sex | ||||
| Female | 29 | 1.00 | 21 | 1.00 |
| Male | 12 | 1.00 (0.40–2.51) | 6 | 0.91 (0.33–2.52) |
| Age group, y | ||||
| 18–35 | 20 | 1.00 | 18 | 1.00 |
| 36–45 | 8 | 0.47 (0.17–1.33) | 4 | 0.39 (0.12–1.25) |
| 45–55 | 9 | 0.50 (0.16–1.59) | 3 | 0.45 (0.12–1.64) |
| 56–65 | 2 | 0.32 (0.04–2.50) | 0 | … |
| >65 | 2 | 1.93 (0.25–14.80) | 2 | 4.41 (0.79–24.74) |
| Race/Ethnicity | ||||
| African American/Black | 3 | 1.32 (0.15–11.47) | 1 | 2.41 (0.27–21.59) |
| Asian | 10 | 1.16 (0.41–3.31) | 7 | 1.38 (0.46–4.12) |
| Caucasian | 12 | 1.00 | 8 | 1.00 |
| Hispanic/Latino | 13 | 2.79 (1.02–7.65) | 9 | 3.31 (1.11–9.92) |
| Native American | 0 | … | 0 | … |
| Pacific Islander | 0 | … | 0 | … |
| Other | 3 | 2.85 (0.62–13.15) | 2 | 3.29 (0.64–16.91) |
| Decline to state | 0 | … | 0 | … |
| Previous diagnosis | ||||
| No | 27 | 1.00 | ||
| Yes | 14 | 117.01 (28.02–488.59) | ||
| Previous PCR test for SARS-CoV-2 | ||||
| No | 26 | 1.00 | 25 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 15 | 1.90 (0.67–5.41) | 2 | 0.90 (0.20–4.00) |
| Previous antibody test for SARS-CoV-2 | ||||
| No | 41 | 1.00 | 27 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 0 | … | 0 | … |
| Known community exposure | ||||
| No | 36 | 1.00 | 24 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 5 | 4.41 (1.23–15.82) | 3 | 4.94 (1.27–19.21) |
| % working with COVID-19 patients | ||||
| 0% | 3 | 1.00 | 1 | 1.00 |
| 1–25% | 7 | 1.14 (0.16–8.14) | 3 | 1.14 (0.09–14.95) |
| 26–50% | 5 | 1.62 (0.15–18.07) | 3 | 2.60 (0.14–50.03) |
| 51–75% | 4 | 1.14 (0.10–13.72) | 4 | 2.53 (0.13–49.36) |
| 76–100% | 22 | 1.49 (0.14–15.71) | 16 | 2.77 (0.15–50.74) |
| Exposed without PPE | ||||
| No | 34 | 1.00 | 23 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 7 | 1.17 (0.42–3.26) | 4 | 0.95 (0.30–2.96) |
| Primary location | ||||
| Skilled nursing facilities | 0 | … | 0 | … |
| Chula Vista inpatient hospital | 17 | 1.00 | 11 | 1.00 |
| Coronado inpatient hospital | 2 | 0.80 (0.12–5.42) | 1 | 0.62 (0.07–5.77) |
| Grossmont inpatient hospital | 6 | 0.49 (0.15–1.63) | 5 | 0.56 (0.17–1.86) |
| Central/Metropolitan inpatient hospital | 10 | 0.90 (0.33–2.44) | 8 | 0.90 (0.33–2.49) |
| Inpatient behavioral health hospital | 6 | 0.14 (0.01–1.87) | 2 | 0.11 (0.01–1.88) |
| Job category | ||||
| Nurse | 29 | 1.00 | 22 | 1.00 |
| Nurse practitioner | 0 | … | 0 | … |
| Nursing assistant | 5 | 0.65 (0.17–2.45) | 2 | 0.52 (0.12–2.38) |
| Phlebotomist | 0 | … | 0 | … |
| Physician | 2 | 1.19 (0.19–7.38) | 1 | 1.01 (0.10–9.88) |
| Respiratory therapist | 0 | … | 0 | … |
| Social worker, case manager, office staff | 0 | … | 0 | … |
| Technician | 4 | 1.65 (0.38–7.15) | 2 | 1.22 (0.22–6.83) |
| Therapist | 1 | 0.78 (0.01–70.94) | 0 | … |
| Other | 0 | … | 0 | … |
| Primary unit | ||||
| High-risk COVID-19 care units | 33 | 1.00 | 23 | 1.00 |
| Behavioral health | 7 | 7.37 (0.55–98.76) | 3 | 10.05 (0.62–161.84) |
| Endoscopy | 1 | 1.46 (0.13–16.25) | 1 | 2.39 (0.19–29.60) |
| Laboratory, microbiology or pathology | 0 | … | 0 | … |
| Skilled nursing facility | 0 | … | 0 | … |
| Other | 0 | … | 0 | … |
Note. PPE, personal protective equipment. OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval. High-risk COVID care units defined as emergency department, intensive care units and medical COVID units. ORs and 95% CIs were adjusted for all other variables in the model.