TABLE 3.
Craniofacial variables between both craniofacial sides at baseline (T1)
| Crossbite group (n = 25) | non-crossbite group (n = 26) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Crossbite side | Non-crossbite side | Right side | Left side | P value | Observed power | |
| Zygomatic variables | ||||||
| Orbitale SI (Or-S) | 16.77 (2.06) | 16.69 (1.90) | 16.34 (2.17) | 16.46 (2.24) | .876 | 0.092 |
| Orbitale AP (Or-S) | 47.23 (3.33) | 47.39 (3.21) | 47.91 (3.07) | 48.50 (3.65) | .519 | 0.208 |
| Orbitale RL (Or-S) | 32.36 (2.71) A | 32.34 (3.03) A | 35.79 (2.12) B | 32.83 (1.94) A | <.001*** | 0.999 |
| Zygomatic maxillary SI (ZM-S) | 31.11 (3.06) | 31.02 (2.37) | 32.41 (2.80) | 32.22 (2.91) | .166 | 0.439 |
| Zygomatic maxillary AP (ZM-S) | 37.58 (3.33) | 37.37 (3.43) | 38.71 (3.11) | 38.92 (3.22) | .227 | 0.378 |
| Zygomatic maxillary RL (ZM-S) | 37.67 (2.73) | 38.32 (3.06) | 39.37 (1.46) | 38.03 (1.59) | .059 | 0.617 |
| Maxillary variables | ||||||
| Palatine foramen SI (PalF-S) | 35.26 (2.68) A | 35.66 (2.51) A | 37.11 (2.59) B | 37.16 (2.67) B | .017* | 0.774 |
| Palatine foramen AP (PalF-S) | 23.20 (2,92) | 23.36 (3.28) | 24.67 (2.66) | 24.69 (2.61) | .114 | 0.509 |
| Palatine foramen RL (PalF-S) | 12.77 (0.93) A | 13.14 (1.47) A | 14.07 (1.48) B | 12.91 (1.17) A | .002** | 0.925 |
| Glenoid Fossa | ||||||
| Glenoid Fossa SI (GlF-S) | 15.34 (2.06) | 15.00 (1.71) | 15.67 (2.50) | 15.53 (2.45) | .726 | 0.135 |
| Glenoid Fossa AP (GlF-S) | 8.15 (2.62) | 8.12 (2.96) | 8.55 (2.39) | 8.52 (2.43) | .895 | 0.087 |
| Glenoid Fossa RL (GlF-S) | 43.54 (2.10) | 43.29 (2.39) | 43.53 (2.52) | 43.20 (2.33) | .059 | 0.617 |
| Mandible variables | ||||||
| Condylar measurements (mm) | ||||||
| Condylar process height (Co-Sig`) | 12.08 (2.39) | 12.17 (1.72) | 13.37 (2.43) | 13.37 (2.38) | .056 | 0.624 |
| Condylar Height (Co-CtCo) | 4.29 (0.71) A | 4.33 (0.69) A | 5.03 (0.80) B | 4.52 (1.24) AB | .014* | 0.793 |
| Lat-Med Width (lat-med poles) | 16.46 (1.93) | 16.25 (2.08) | 16.63 (1.73) | 16.24 (2.01) | .868 | 0.094 |
| Ant-post width (ant-post poles) | 10.02 (1.63) | 10.09 (1.72) | 10.91 (1.08) | 10.61 (1.10) | .085 | 0.558 |
| Mandible linear measurements (mm) | ||||||
| Ramus height (Sig’-Go) | 30.32 (3.51) | 30.16 (2.99) | 30.85 (3.72) | 30.14 (3.62) | .872 | 0.093 |
| Total ramus height (Co-Go) | 42.38 (3.38) | 42.24 (3.73) | 44.22 (3.80) | 43.41 (3.70) | .183 | 0.421 |
| Mandibular length (Co-Gn) | 100.23 (5.71) | 100.85 (6.15) | 103.22 (4.89) | 103.05 (4.74) | .116 | 0.505 |
| Mandibular body (Go-Gn) | 71.33 (4.10) | 72.02 (4.55) | 73.55 (3.36) | 73.87 (3.77) | .074 | 0.581 |
| Ramus inclination (°) | ||||||
| Antero-posterior (CtCo.GoGn) | 121.53 (4.55) | 121.96 (5.79) | 121.86 (4.58) | 121.71 (4.52) | .990 | 0.056 |
| Lateral (CtCoGo.MSP) | 7.67 (3.81) | 8.18 (3.64) | 6.53 (3.08) | 6.21 (2.92) | .131 | 0.484 |
| Lateral hemimandibular angle | ||||||
| CtCoMe.MSP | 36.12 (2.71) | 38.89 (2.21) | 35.62 (3.73) | 36.57 (3.57) | .405 | 0.260 |
Note: MANOVA analysis was performed between sides comparisons including the malocclusion in each side (P < .05).
Different letters represent statistical significance among groups and same letters no statistical significance.
Bold values represent statistically siginificant values.
*
Weak effect size: <0.20.
**
Moderate effect size: 0.50–0.80.
***
Strong effect size ≥ 0.80.