TABLE 4.
Comparison of craniofacial asymmetries between crossbite and non-crossbite groups in T1 and T2 expressed by mean and 95% CI
| T1 | T2 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Crossbite group (n = 25) | non-crossbite group (n = 26) | 95% IC | P- value | Crossbite group (n = 21) | non-crossbite group (n = 26) | 95% IC | P- value | |
| Zygomatic asymmetry | ||||||||
| Orbitale SI (Or-S) | 0.08 (0.80) | −0.11 (0.99) | −0.31;0.70 | .449 | 0.13 (0.94) | −0.13 (0.87) | −0.26;0.80 | .308 |
| Orbitale AP (Or-S) | −0.15 (1.73) | −0.58 (1.60) | −0.51;1.36 | .365 | −0.45 (1.91) | −0.69 (1.34) | −0.71;1.19 | .615 |
| Orbitale RL (Or-S) | 0.02 (3.03) | 2.95 (2.36) | −4.46; −1.40 | <.001*** | 0.00 (2.93) | 2.19 (1.81) | −3.68; −0.69 | .005** |
| Zygomatic maxillary SI (ZM-S) | 0.08 (1.25) | 0.19 (0.80) | −0.69;0.48 | .724 | 0.04 (1.25) | 0.22 (1.02) | −0.85;0.48 | .586 |
| Zygomatic maxillary AP (ZM-S) | 0.21 (1.64) | −0.21 (1.42) | −0.43;1.29 | .325 | 0.44 (1.61) | 0.52 (2.71) | −1.43;1.27 | .903 |
| Zygomatic maxillary RL (ZM-S) | −0.64 (1.52) | 1.33 (1.57) | −2.85;−1.10 | <.001*** | −0.80 (1.59) | 1.09 (2.10) | −3.02; −0.78 | .001** |
| Orbitale Roll (Or(R)-Or(L).MSP) | 0.16 (1.34) | 0.33 (2.35) | −1.53;0.69 | .456 | 0.15 (2.60) | −0.37 (2.50) | −0.70;1.77 | .392 |
| Orbitale Yaw (Or(R)-Or(L).MSP) | −0.34 (2.38) | 1.85 (2.97) | −3.68; −0.64 | .006*** | 0.56 (4.11) | 0.65 (2.65) | −2.08;1.91 | .930 |
| Zygomatic maxillary Roll (ZM(R)-ZM(L).MSP) | −0.13 (1.76) | 0.79 (1.82) | −1.97;0.05 | .063 | 0.02 (2.70) | 0.22 (1.62) | −1.48;0.08 | .759 |
| Zygomatic maxillary Yaw (ZM(R)-ZM(L).MSP) | −0.83 (1.70) | 0.94 (2.91) | −3.10; −0.42 | .010** | −0.40 (4.61) | −0.29 (2.91) | −2.33;2.11 | .920 |
| Maxillary asymmetry | ||||||||
| ANS deviation | 0.22 (1.01) | 0.75 (1.04) | −1.11;0.04 | .069 | 0.24 (1.30) | 0.68 (1.04) | −1.12;0.24 | .206 |
| Palatine foramen SI (PalF-S) | −0.39 (1.09) | 0.50 (1.10) | −0.96;0.27 | .268 | −0.15 (1.17) | 0.25 (1.29) | −1.14;0.32 | .266 |
| Palatine foramen AP (PalF-S) | −0.16 (0.72) | −0.19 (1.53) | −0.76 ;0.82 | .940 | 0.02 (0.73) | 0.33 (1.64) | −0.76 ;0.82 | .424 |
| Palatine foramen RL (PalF-S) | −0.37 (1.96) | 1.16 (1.69) | −2.56; −0.50 | .004** | −0.26 (2.06) | 0.93 (1.68) | −2.32; −0.06 | .034* |
| Palatine foramen Roll (PalF(R)-PalF(L).MSP) | −1.58 (4.69) | 1.02 (5.02) | −5.34;0.13 | .062 | −0.53 (6.00) | 1.55 (5.15) | −5.36;1.90 | .206 |
| Palatine foramen Yaw (PalF(R)-PalF(L).MSP) | 0.72 (3.14) | 0.64 (3.29) | −1.73;1.88 | .934 | −0.06 (4.23) | −0.61 (3.50) | −1.72;2.82 | .628 |
| Glenoid Fossa asymmetry | ||||||||
| Glenoid Fossa SI (GlF-S) | 0.34 (1.49) | 0.13 (0.94) | −0.49;0.90 | .562 | 0.42 (1.23) | 0.26 (1.07) | −0.51;0.83 | .635 |
| Glenoid Fossa AP (GlF-S) | 0.37 (2.40) | 0.32 (2.19) | −1.28;1.29 | .994 | 0.20 (2.33) | −0.05 (2.01) | −1.01;1.53 | .684 |
| Glenoid Fossa RL (GlF-S) | 0.25 (2.20) | 0.33 (2.18) | −1.31;1.15 | .898 | −0.25 (2.43) | 0.69 (1.57) | −2.13;0.23 | .113 |
| Glenoid Fossae Roll (GlF(R)-GlF(L).MSP) | −0.20 (1.77) | 0.50 (1.50) | −1.47;0.47 | .315 | 0.55 (2.30) | 0.13 (1.48) | −0.69;1.53 | .454 |
| Superior Zygomatic Yaw (GlF(R)-GlF(L).MSP) | −0.63 (2.28) | 0.31 (2.94) | −2.31;0.65 | .265 | 0.21 (3.94) | −0.28 (2.76) | −1.47;2.47 | .614 |
| Mandible asymmetry | ||||||||
| Chin deviation | 0.11 (1.98) | 0.20 (1.40) | −1.05;0.87 | .845 | 0.00 (1.70) | 0.09 (1.25) | −0.95;0.78 | .838 |
| Condylar measurements (mm) | ||||||||
| Condylar process height (Co-Sig`) | −0.08 (2.13) | 0.00 (1.38) | −1.10;0.91 | .851 | −0.07 (1.14) | 0.18 (1.90) | −1.21;0.68 | .581 |
| Condylar Height (Co-CtCo) | −0.03 (0.64) | 0.51 (1.05) | −1.04; −0.05 | .030* | −0.05 (0.70) | 0.00 (0.64) | −0.45;0.33 | .759 |
| Lat-Med Width (lat-med poles) | 0.21 (0.89) | 0.39 (1.17) | −0.76;0.40 | .544 | 0.11 (0.90) | 0.45 (0.97) | −0.90;0.21 | .225 |
| Ant-post width (ant-post poles) | −0.07 (1.13) | 0.29 (1.29) | −1.06;0.31 | .280 | 0.07 (1.16) | −0.12 (1.21) | −0.50;0.91 | .556 |
| Mandible linear measurements (mm) | ||||||||
| Ramus height (Sig’-Go) | 0.15 (2.60) | 0.70 (1.86) | −1.82;0.71 | .387 | −0.19 (2.10) | 0.63 (1.47) | −1.88;0.22 | .120 |
| Total ramus height (Co-Go) | 0.13 (1.91) | 0.80 (1.57) | −1.65;0.31 | .179 | 1.16 (6.48) | 0.22 (1.63) | −1.72;3.59 | .482 |
| Mandibular length (Co-Gn) | −0.61 (1.14) | 0.16 (1.46) | −1.52; −0.04 | .039* | −0.45 (1.34) | −0.03 (1.31) | −1.19;0.37 | .293 |
| Mandibular body (Go-Gn) | −0.69 (1.87) | −0.31 (1.54) | −1.33;0.59 | .439 | −0.46 (1.68) | −0.14 (0.95) | −1.15;0.52 | .423 |
| Ramus inclination (°) | ||||||||
| Antero-posterior (CtCo.GoGn) | −0.43 (3,15) | 0.14 (3.53) | −2.46;1.30 | .541 | −0.15 (2.69) | −0.29 (2.67) | −1.47;1.72 | .865 |
| Lateral (CtCoGo.MSP) | −0.50 (3.49) | 0.31 (2.68) | −2.56;0.93 | .351 | 0.00 (3.41) | −0.13 (2.11) | −1.49;1.78 | .857 |
| Lateral hemimandibular angle | ||||||||
| CtCoMe.MSP | −2.74 (3.50) | −0.32 (3.81) | −6.17; −1.02 | >.001*** | −0.95 (4.37) | −0.04 (2.79) | −3.01;1.21 | .395 |
| Mandibular horizontal position | ||||||||
| Yaw (CoMe(or).CoMe(mir) | 1.84 (1.91) | 0.61 (2.29) | 0.34;2.41 | .040* | 0.54 (2.27) | 0.02 (2.65) | −0.95;1.98 | .485 |
Note: Independent t test analysis was performed between malocclusion comparisons (P < .05).
Negative values considered shorter distances at crossbite/right side. Positive values considered larger distances at crossbite/right side.
Bold values represent statistically siginificant values.
*
Weak effect size: <0.20.
**
Moderate effect size: 0.50–0.80.
***
Strong effect size ≥ 0.80.