Table 1.
Demographic and baseline characteristics between groups.
| Variable | T2DM (n=500) | Non-DM (n=514) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 68.7±13.5 | 68.5±12.7 | 0.214 |
| Menopause age (years) | 50.2±2.2 | 50.6±2.7 | 0.107 |
| Age structure, n (%) (years) | 0.095 | ||
| 55–59 | 152 (30.4) | 143 (27.8) | |
| 60–69 | 197 (39.4) | 189 (36.8) | |
| 70–79 | 102 (20.4) | 117 (22.8) | |
| 80–89 | 49 (9.8) | 65 (12.6) | |
| Height (cm) | 162.1±7.3 | 162.3±6.8 | 0.335 |
| Weight (kg) | 67.4±9.3 | 67.6±8.8 | 0.126 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 23.5±2.4 | 23.3±2.8 | 0.251 |
| FPG (mmol/L) | 8.6±2.1 | 4.5±1.1 | 0.001* |
| HbA1c, % (mean, range) | 7.7 (6.1–9.4) | 4.7 (4.3–5.8) | 0.031* |
| Blood lipid | |||
| TC | 4.3±0.7 | 4.8±1.4 | 0.013* |
| TG | 1.8±1.3 | 1.8±0.8 | 0.274 |
| HDL-c (mmol/L) | 1.2±1.1 | 1.4±0.7 | 0.038* |
| LDL-c (mmol/L) | 2.7±0.5 | 2.4±0.4 | 0.003* |
| Time from diagnosis of T2DM (months), n (%) | 0.054 | ||
| <6 | 135 (27.0) | 126 (24.5) | |
| 6–12 | 215 (43.0) | 200 (38.9) | |
| >12 | 150 (30.0) | 188 (36.6) | |
| Smoking status | 0.149 | ||
| Never a smoker | 387 (77.4) | 380 (73.9) | |
| Former smokers | 78 (15.6) | 82 (16.0) | |
| Current smokers | 35 (7.0) | 52 (10.1) | |
| Alcohol consumption, n (%) | 0.994 | ||
| Never | 15 (3.0) | 17 (3.3) | |
| Former | 344 (68.8) | 351 (68.3) | |
| Current (3 ≥units/day) | 141 (28.2) | 146 (28.4) | |
| Parental fractured hip, n (%) | 10 (2.0) | 10 (1.9) | 0.950 |
*Statistically significant values.
T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus; non-DM, non-diabetes mellitus; BMI, body mass index; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; TC, total cholesterol; TG, Total triglyceride; HDL-c, high density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-c, low density lipoprotein cholesterol.