Table 2.
Hospital admission rates (per 1000 children per year) and hospital admissions of human metapneumovirus-associated ALRI in children younger than 5 years in 2018, by age group and by World Bank income levels and level of child mortality by setting (low vs high)
| LMICs | UMICs | HICs | Settings with low child mortality | Settings with high child mortality | Global estimates* | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Human metapneumovirus-associated ALRIs | |||||||
| 0–5 months | |||||||
| Studies, n | 8 | 6 | 5 | 7 | 12 | .. | |
| Hospital admission rate (per 1000 children per year)† | 2·4 (1·6–3·5) | 3·3 (1·6–7·1) | 3·3 (2·2–5·1) | 2·7 (1·8–4) | 3·0 (1·9–4·9) | .. | |
| Hospital admissions (thousands) | 106 (72–157) | 61 (29–128) | 21 (14–32) | 62 (42–93) | 138 (86–221) | 200 (128–314) | |
| 6–11 months | |||||||
| Studies, n | 7 | 5 | 4 | 5 | 11 | .. | |
| Hospital admission rate (per 1000 children per year)† | 2·7 (1·7–4·3) | 2·5 (1–5·9) | 2·8 (2·2–3·5) | 2·2 (1·5–3·4) | 2·7 (1·7–4·4) | .. | |
| Hospital admissions (thousands) | 119 (75–188) | 46 (19–111) | 18 (14–22) | 51 (34–76) | 123 (77–198) | 174 (110–274) | |
| 12–59 months | |||||||
| Studies, n | 9 | 8 | 5 | 7 | 15 | .. | |
| Hospital admission rate (per 1000 children per year)† | 0·6 (0·3–1) | 0·4 (0·2–0·8) | 0·3 (0·2–0·7) | 0·3 (0·2–0·5) | 0·6 (0·4–0·8) | .. | |
| Hospital admissions (thousands) | 206 (113–375) | 59 (29–117) | 15 (8–28) | 55 (35–87) | 214 (152–302) | 269 (187–389) | |
| 0–59 months‡ | |||||||
| Hospital admissions (thousands) | 431 (260–720) | 165 (77–356) | 54 (36–83) | 168 (110–255) | 475 (315–721) | 643 (425–977) | |
| Human metapneumovirus-associated ALRIs with hypoxaemia | |||||||
| 0–5 months | |||||||
| Studies, n | 6 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 8 | .. | |
| Hospital admission rate (per 1000 children per year)† | 0·3 (0–2·1) | 1·3 (0·3–5·4) | NA | 0·6 (0·2–1·5) | 0·7 (0·2–2·5) | .. | |
| Hospital admissions (thousands) | 13 (1–268) | 24 (6–101) | NA | 14 (5–38) | 32 (9–113) | 46 (14–151) | |
| 6–11 months | |||||||
| Studies, n | 6 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 8 | .. | |
| Hospital admission rate (per 1000 children per year)† | 0·4 (0·1–2) | 0·3 (0·1–1·2) | NA | 0·3 (0·1–1·7) | 0·5 (0·2–1·7) | .. | |
| Hospital admissions (thousands) | 18 (4–78) | 6 (2–19) | NA | 7 (2–28) | 23 (8–66) | 30 (10–94) | |
| 12–59 months | |||||||
| Studies, n | 6 | 4 | 1 | 3 | 8 | .. | |
| Hospital admission rate (per 1000 children per year)† | 0·1 (0–0·2) | 0·1 (0–0·7) | NA | 0 (0–0·1) | 0·1 (0–0·3) | .. | |
| Hospital admissions (thousands) | 34 (5–215) | 15 (1–171) | NA | 1 (0–4) | 36 (5–273) | 37 (5–277) | |
| 0–59 months‡ | |||||||
| Hospital admissions (thousands) | 65 (10–560) | 44 (9–291) | NA | 22 (7–70) | 91 (22–452) | 112 (29–522) | |
Data in parentheses are estimated uncertainty ranges. Meta-analyses were only done when at least two studies were available. Settings in which the under-5 mortality rate was higher than the median under-5 mortality rate for 2018, were considered high child mortality settings, and settings in which the under-5 mortality rate was lower than the median under-5 mortality rate for 2018, were considered low child mortality settings. ALRI=acute lower respiratory tract infection. LMICs=lower-middle-income countries. UMICs=upper-middle-income countries. HICs=high-income countries. NA=not available.
Global estimates by age strata are the sum of estimates by child mortality settings; global estimates for 0–59 months are the sum of estimates by age groups and child mortality settings.
Derived from the meta-analysis.
Estimates are the sum of estimates for all three age groups (0–5 months, 6–11 months, and 12–59 months).