Table 4.
Summary of published reports of podocytopathies (minimal change disease and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis) associated with immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy
| Reference | Age, yrs | Sex | Cancer site | ICI(s) received | Baseline SCr, mg/dl | Peak SCr, mg/dl | Peak proteinuria, g/day | Post-treatment proteinuria, g/day | Initial corticosteroid therapy | Corticosteroid taper, days | AKI outcome | Proteinuria outcome | Cancer outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Minimal change disease | |||||||||||||
| Bickel et al.,34 2016 | 62 | M | Mesothelioma | Pembrolizumab | GFR 90 | GFR 27 | 19 | 0 | Prednisone 1 mg/kg | 70 | Full | Remission | NA |
| Kidd and Gizaw,43 2016 | 55 | M | Melanoma | Ipilimumab | 1.2 | 5.2 | 9 | NA | Prednisone 2 mg/kg | NA | Full | Remission | Stable |
| Kitchlu et al.,45 2017 | 43 | M | Hodgkin lymphoma | Pembrolizumab | 0.76 | 3.93 | 10.3 | 3.1 | Prednisone 2 mg/kg × 14 d, then prednisone 1 mg/kg | 180 | Partial | Partial | Death |
| Kitchlu et al.,45 2017 | 45 | M | Melanoma | Ipilimumab | 0.68 | 0.8 | 9.5 | 0.39 | Prednisone 1 mg/kg taper over 4 mo | 120 | NA | Remission | Death |
| Gao et al.,38 2018 | 40 | M | Hodgkin lymphoma | SHR-1210 (anti-PD-1) | 0.77 | NA | 30 | 0.18 | Prednisone 1 mg/kg | 56 | NA | Remission | Stable |
| Izzedine et al.,41 2019 | NA | NA | Melanoma | Pembrolizumab | NA | NA | 6 | NA | NA | NA | ESKD | No improvement | Death |
| Izzedine et al.,41 2019 | NA | NA | Ileal neuroendocrine tumor | Pembrolizumab | NA | 1.65 | 3.5 | NA | NA | NA | No improvement | NA | NA |
| Saito et al.,52 2019 | 79 | M | Lung adenocarcinoma | Pembrolizumab | NA | NA | 13.8 | 0 | Prednisone 40 mg/d × 2 weeks, then 10 mg/d | 56 | NA | Remission | Stable |
| Cortazar et al.,36 2020 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis | |||||||||||||
| Daanen et al.,53 2017 | 62 | M | Renal cell carcinoma | Nivolumab | 1.2 | 4.8 | 22 | 2.5 | Methylprednisolone 1 g × 3 d, then 60 mg/d | NA | Partial | Partial | Death |
| Mamlouk et al.,47 2019 | 74 | M | Renal cell carcinoma | Nivolumab | 1.6 | 2.73 | UPC 0.38 | NA | Prednisone 0.8 mg/kg | NA | Partial | Partial | Progression |
AKI, acute kidney injury; ESKD, end-stage kidney disease; GFR, glomerular filtration rate; ICI, immune checkpoint inhibitor; M, male; NA, not available; PD-1, programmed cell death 1; SCr, serum creatinine; UPC, urine protein creatinine ratio.