A, Age groups. B, Categories of physical functioning. C, Categories of cognitive functioning. Physical functioning was assessed with the activities of daily living (ADL) score, which ranges from 0 to 28 and describes a patient’s range of impairment from substantial to very severe, with higher values indicating greater impairment. To facilitate interpretation of findings, scores were divided into 4 quartiles (ie, 0-14, 15-19, 20-21, and 22-28). Cognitive functioning was assessed with the Cognitive Function Scale (CFS), which is a hierarchical 4-level scale derived from a resident’s Brief Interview for Mental Status (BIMS) assessment and/or Cognitive Performance Scale (CPS) and integrates their findings into a single score. Accordingly, a residents’ cognitive function is assessed as severely impaired (ie, individuals who were not able to complete the BIMS by themselves or have a CPS score of 5 or 6), moderately impaired (ie, a BIMS score of ≤7 or a CPS score of 3-4), mildly impaired (ie, a BIMS score of 8-12 or a CPS score of ≤2), or cognitively intact (ie, individuals who were able to complete the BIMS and scored between 13 and 15).