Table 2.
The association between FADS2 expression and the malignant tumors and its functions
| Cancer type | FADS2 expression level | Function | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Breast cancer | Downregulated (mRNA and activity) | Low FADS2 expression was related to poor prognosis of breast cancer patients and high TNM grade of tumor. | [63,64,77] |
| Upregulated (mRNA and activity) | High expression promoted the synthesis of the pro-inflammatory metabolite PGE2 in breast cancer, which may promote the occurrence of inflammation. | [56,65] | |
| Melanoma | Upregulated (mRNA, protein and activity) | High expression promoted the growth of B16 melanoma and could lead to enhanced n-6 AA and AA-derived tumor, promoting metabolites production, as well as the gene expression of angiogenesis and inflammatory factors. | [66] |
| Lung cancer | Upregulated (mRNA, protein and activity) | High expression promoted the growth of lung cancer and could lead to enhanced n-6 AA and AA-derived tumor, promoting metabolites production, as well as the gene expression of angiogenesis and inflammatory factors. Inhibiting FADS2 could induce ferroptosis by increasing the level of Fe and lipid ROS in lung cancer cells. Patients with high FADS2 expression had poorer prognosis. | [64,66,67] |
| Brain cancer | Upregulated (mRNA) | Inhibition of FADS2 could improve the sensitivity of tumor cells to radiotherapy and block the synthesis of AA and PGE2 in vitro and in vivo. | [69,70] |
| Liver cancer | Loss | -- | [71] |
| Upregulated (mRNA and protein) | FADS2 promoted the proliferation of cancer cells by synthesizing sapienate and used it for membrane biosynthesis of cancer cell. | [64] | |
| Colon cancer | -- | Inhibition of FADS2 could inhibit the growth of colon cancer and the synthesis of AA. | [72] |
| Esophageal carcinoma | Upregulated (mRNA and protein) | High expression was related to clinicopathological parameters such as late stage, lymph node metastasis, and poor prognosis. High expression promoted tumor cell proliferation, non-anchored clonal formation, migration and invasion. | [59] |
| Cervical cancer | Upregulated (mRNA) | -- | [73] |
| Prostate cancer | Upregulated (mRNA and protein) | -- | [64] |
| Renal cell carcinoma | Increased (activity) | -- | [74] |
| Acute lymphoblastic leukemia | Increased (activity) | High activity promoted the growth of different types of leukemia cells. | [75,76] |