Table 1.
MiRNAs involved in glucose metabolism in HCC
| Glucose metabolism | microRNA | Effect | Target | Mechanism | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| glycolytic pathway | miR-885-5p | Decrease | HKII | - | [23] |
| miR-143 | Decrease | HKII | - | [24] | |
| miR-125b | Decrease | - | Inhibit HKII | [25] | |
| miR-455-3p | Increase | AMPKβ2 | stabilizes HKII protein active AMPK pathway | [26] | |
| miR-139-5p | Decrease | ETS1 | Inhibit HKI and PFKFB3 expression | [27] | |
| miR-520 family | Decrease | PFKP | - | [32] | |
| miR-338-3p | Decrease | PFKL | - | [33] | |
| miR-139-5p | Decrease | PKM2 | - | [27] | |
| miR-199a | Decrease | PKM2 | - | [36] | |
| miR-491-5p | Decrease | PKM2 | - | [37] | |
| miR-338-3p | Decrease | PKM2 | - | [38] | |
| miR-122 | Decrease | PKM2 | - | [39] | |
| miR-4417 | Increase | - | Promote PKM2 phosphorylation | [40] | |
| miR-365a-3p | Increase | - | Inhibit PKM2 degradation | [41] | |
| miR-374b | Decrease | hnRNPA1 | Inhibit PKM2 expression | [42] | |
| miR-142-3p | Decrease | LDHA | - | [44] | |
| miR-383 | Decrease | LDHA | - | [45] | |
| miR-34a | Decrease | LDHA | - | [46] | |
| miR-100-5p | Decrease | LDHA | - | [47] | |
| miR-592 | Decrease | WSB1 | Disrupting HIF-1α stabilization | [51] | |
| miR-199a-5p | Decrease | HIF-1α | - | [52] | |
| miR-3662 | Decrease | HIF-1α | Inactivate ERK and JNK | [53] | |
| miR-145 | Decrease | - | Inhibit HIF-1α and PDK1 expression | [54] | |
| miR-873 | Increase | NDFIP1 | Active AKT/mTOR | [56] | |
| miR-199b-5p | Decrease | - | Up-regulates HIF-1α transcription through overexpression of NPAS2 | [57] | |
| mitomiR-181a-5p | Decrease | - | Impair electron transport chain | [59] | |
| miR-342-3p | Decrease | IGF-1R | Downregulate GLUT1 Inactivate PI3K/AKT | [61] | |
| miR-455-5p | Decrease | IGF-1R | Downregulate GLUT1 Inactivate PI3K/AK | [62] | |
| miR-129-5p | Decrease | PDK4 | - | [55] | |
| pentose phosphate pathway | miR-122 | Decrease | G6PD | - | [65] |
| gluconeogenesis | miR-4641 | Decrease | PCK1 | - | [69] |
| miR-517a | Decrease | FBP1 | - | [72] | |
| miR-23a | Decrease | G6PC PGC-1α | - | [74] | |
| miR-96 | Increase | IRS-1 | - | [76] | |
| miR-122 | Increase | - | Promoted glutaminolysis | [78] |
“-”: unknown. Abbreviations: HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma; HK: Hexokinase; PFK: 6-phosphate fructokinase; PK: Pyruvate kinase; HIFs: Hypoxia-inducible factors; AMPKβ2: AMP-activated protein kinase subunit beta 2; PFKFB3: 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 3; PKM2: Pyruvate kinase M2; LDHA: Lactate dehydrogenase A; IGF-1R: Insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor; GLUT: Glucose transporters; PDK4: Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4; PEPCK: Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase; FBP1: Fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase; G6PC: Glucose 6-phosphatase; PGC-1α: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, coactivator 1 alpha; IRS-1: Insulin receptor substrate 1.