Table 2.
Association of maternal FAS, RBC folate, and vitamin B12 in early pregnancy with GDM risk
| Variables | GDM/total (%) | Model 1† | Model 2‡ | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | 95% CI | P | OR | 95% CI | P | ||
| FAS | |||||||
| No | 43/340 (12.7) | Reference | Reference | ||||
| Yes | 137/718 (19.1) | 1.62 | 1.12–2.35 | 0.010 | 1.73 | 1.19–2.53 | 0.004 |
| RBC folate (ng/mL)* | 1.08 | 1.00–1.17 | 0.033 | 1.07 | 0.99–1.15 | 0.08 | |
| <400 | 80/557 (14.4) | Reference | Reference | ||||
| 400–600 | 56/301 (18.6) | 1.36 | 0.93–1.98 | 0.10 | 1.39 | 0.94–2.04 | 0.09 |
| ≥600 | 44/200 (22.0) | 1.68 | 1.11–2.53 | 0.013 | 1.58 | 1.03–2.41 | 0.033 |
| Trend test | 0.009 | 0.021 | |||||
| Serum folate (ng/mL) | 1.01 | 0.97–1.04 | 0.53 | 1.01 | 0.97–1.05 | 0.43 | |
| Q1 (<13.9) | 64/401 (16.0) | Reference | Reference | ||||
| Q2 (13.9–16.0) | 36/255 (14.1) | 0.86 | 0.55–1.34 | 0.52 | 0.91 | 0.58–1.44 | 0.71 |
| Q3 (≥16.0) | 80/402 (20.0) | 1.30 | 0.91–1.87 | 0.14 | 1.36 | 0.94–1.99 | 0.10 |
| Trend test | 0.13 | 0.09 | |||||
| Vitamin B12 (pg/mL)* | 1.11 | 1.02–1.20 | 0.012 | 1.14 | 1.04–1.24 | 0.002 | |
| Q1 (<330) | 51/397 (12.9) | Reference | Reference | ||||
| Q2 (330–429) | 45/254 (17.7) | 1.46 | 0.94–2.25 | 0.08 | 1.49 | 0.95–2.33 | 0.07 |
| Q3 (≥429) | 84/407 (20.6) | 1.76 | 1.20–2.57 | 0.003 | 2.00 | 1.35–2.96 | 0.001 |
| Trend test | 0.003 | 0.001 | |||||
*
RBC folate and vitamin B12 were divided by 100.
†
Univariate model.
‡
Adjusted for age, preconceptional BMI, family history of diabetes, smoking exposure, and drinking status.