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. 2019 Nov 10;34(2):189–196. doi: 10.15605/jafes.034.02.10

Table 5.

Summary of PAID scores and HbA1C results

With Emotional Distress+ n=40 Without Emotional Distress+ n=47 p value
Age 49.6±10.0 57.8±11.2 <0.001*
Gender
Male
Female
18 (45%)
22 (55%)
22 (46.8%)
25 (53.2%)		 0.866
BMI 27.9±4.8 27.8±5.2 0.922
Diabetes Duration (years) 5.6±5.2 5.9±4.7 0.815
Anti-diabetic medications
Oral
Insulin
Combination
26 (29.9%)
3 (3.5%)
11 (12.6%)
33 (37.9%)
5 (5.7%)
9 (10.3%)		 0.615
PAID Scores
Sum Score

Factor 1 (Diabetes-related emotional distress)‡
Factor 2 (Treatment related problems)‡
Factor 3 (Food related problems)‡
Factor 4 (Social support related problems)‡
52.8±10.3

2.4±1.0
1.7 ±1.3
2.5 ±0.8
1.2 ±0.8
18.8±9.6

0.8±0.8
0.5±0.9
0.9±0.8
0.3±0.3
<0.001*

<0.001*
<0.001*
<0.001*
<0.001*
HbA1C (%) 9.0±2.5 7.7±1.7 0.004*
Glycemic Control
Good Glycemic Control (<7%)
Poor Glycemic Control (≥7%)
12 (13.8%)
28 (32.2%)
20 (23%)
27 (31%)		 0.226
+

Data presented in Mean±SD or n (%)

‡

proposed by Snoek et al.13

*

Statistically significant at 5% level