Figure 2. Changes in insulin sensitivity.

(A) Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) blood plasma glucose (top row) and insulin (bottom row) for the pre and post beverage exposure measurements in young adults. (B) Relative change in first phase (i.e., 0-30 min) OGTT plasma insulin incremental area under the curve, iAUC_0-30, (left) and OGTT plasma insulin iAUC_0-120 (right) from pre to post beverage exposure and in young adults. Post beverage exposure, iAUC_0-30 insulin was significantly elevated in the Combo group compared to the sugar and LCS groups (false discovery rate corrected t tests; both P=0.03). For iAUC_0-120 insulin, change differed between the LCS and Combo groups (t(1,36)= 3.63, p(fdr)=0.003). (C) Change in plasma insulin plotted per individual in the adolescents study. The adolescent study was terminated because two participants in the Combo group showed highly elevated insulin (and HOMA-IR) levels post beverage exposure. Permutation testing (n=1000) indicated that the difference scores of this group are significantly different from the sucrose and sucralose groups together (p=0.043). Although this result is in line with the results from the adults study, it should be interpreted with care due to the low number of subjects. (D) An extra control group was recruited to rule out that maltodextrin, rather than the combination, leads to changes in insulin sensitivity. Results show no change in first phase OGTT plasma insulin iAUC_0-30 nor in plasma insulin iAUC_0-120 from pre to post beverage exposure in young adults.