Table 5.
Heterogeneity analysis – socioeconomic characteristics
| DEP VAR = | (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| InterFlow | IntraFlow | InterFlow | IntraFlow | |
| Panel A | ||||
| More convenient area | Less convenient area | |||
| Treat*Post | −0.111*** | −0.109*** | −0.098* | −0.090*** |
| (0.025) | (0.034) | (0.057) | (0.024) | |
| Control Variables | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Daily FE | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| City FE | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Observations | 17,280 | 17,280 | 17,160 | 17,160 |
| R2 | 0.867 | 0.734 | 0.883 | 0.748 |
| Panel B | ||||
| More developed area | Less developed area | |||
| Treat*Post | −0.118*** | −0.098*** | −0.073 | 0.001 |
| (0.029) | (0.030) | (0.054) | (0.017) | |
| Control Variables | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Daily FE | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| City FE | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Observations | 17,520 | 17,520 | 17,400 | 17,400 |
| R2 | 0.876 | 0.765 | 0.871 | 0.776 |
| Panel C | ||||
| More intensive population | Less intensive population | |||
| Treat*Post | −0.121*** | −0.145*** | −0.104** | −0.029 |
| (0.028) | (0.036) | (0.051) | (0.018) | |
| Control Variables | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Daily FE | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| City FE | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Observations | 17,760 | 17,760 | 17,760 | 17,760 |
| R2 | 0.875 | 0.762 | 0.872 | 0.731 |
The regression specification follows columns (3) and (4) of Table 3. Panel A splits the sample according to the highway passenger capacity. Panel B splits the sample according to income level. Panel C splits the sample according to the density of the population. Robust standard errors are clustered by city in parentheses. *, **, and *** respectively denote significance levels of 10%, 5% and 1%