Table 2.
Descriptive characteristics of participants (N = 571)
| Non-TPE (n = 174) |
TPE patients (n = 397) | *P value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Confirm TPE (n = 145) | %P value | Probable TPE (n = 252) | §P value | |||
| Age, ys (Mean ± SD) ± sd) sdSD) | 57.59 ± 15.36 | 45.00 ± 20.71 | < 0.001# | 40.5 ± 19.07 | < 0.001# | < 0.001# |
| Gender(%)male | 103 (59.2) | 119 (82.1) | < 0.001 | 180 (71.4) | 0.009 | < 0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 23.23 ± 3.37 | 21.40 ± 7.43 | 0.004¶ | 21.88 ± 3.30 | < 0.001¶ | < 0.001¶ |
| Onset time (day) | 35 (20–90) | 30 (14–60) | 0.033# | 21.50 (13.65–45.71) | < 0.001# | < 0.001# |
| Smoking | ||||||
| None | 107 (61.5) | 91 (62.8) | 0.817 | 164 (65.1) | 0.450 | 0.532 |
| Years of smoking | 30.79 (20.25–41.73) | 21.67 (7.67–33.33) | 0.259# | 13.67 (8.53–28.64) | 0.038# | 0.050# |
| Previous anti-TB treatment | 31 (17.8) | 44 (30.3) | 0.009# | 36 (14.3) | 0.325 | 0.516# |
| Symptoms | ||||||
| Fever | 69 (39.7) | 117 (80.7) | < 0.001 | 180 (71.4) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Cough | 131 (75.3) | 120 (82.8) | 0.105 | 191 (75.8) | 0.905 | 0.422 |
| Chest pain | 76 (43.7) | 73 (50.3) | 0.235 | 126 (50.0) | 0.199 | 0.156 |
| Chest tightness | 125 (71.8) | 85 (58.6) | 0.013 | 190 (75.4) | 0.411 | 0.537 |
| Night sweat | 18 (10.3) | 22 (15.2) | 0.195 | 54 (21.4) | 0.003 | 0.009 |
| Weight loss | 41 (23.6) | 41 (28.3) | 0.338 | 86 (34.1) | 0.019 | 0.042 |
| Hemoptysis | 13 (7.5) | 3 (2.1) | 0.057 | 3 (1.2) | 0.002 | < 0.001 |
| Effusion site | ||||||
| Left | 66 (37.9) | 56 (38.6) | 0.900 | 93 (36.9) | 0.830 | 0.928 |
| Right | 69 (39.7) | 65 (44.8) | 0.351 | 119 (47.2) | 0.122 | 0.138 |
| Bilateral | 39 (22.4) | 24 (16.6) | 0.190 | 40 (15.9) | 0.088 | 0.072 |
| Pleural effusion volume | ||||||
| Small | 72 (41.6) | 59 (40.7) | 0.867 | 106 (42.1) | 0.927 | 0.990 |
| Moderate | 52 (30.1) | 42 (29.0) | 0.832 | 66 (28.0) | 0.382 | 0.486 |
| Massive | 49 (28.3) | 44 (30.3) | 0.693 | 81 (32.1) | 0.410 | 0.451 |
| Total protein(g/L) | 34.36 ± 18.68 | 37.63 ± 19.57 | 0.003# | 43.47 ± 14.56 | < 0.001# | < 0.001# |
| Glucose (mmol/L) | 5.81 ± 2.92 | 4.50 ± 2.36 | < 0.001# | 5.04 ± 2.17 | < 0.001# | < 0.001# |
| LDH(U/L) | 256 (158.25–482) | 425 (276–704) | < 0.001# | 377.5 (240.5–580.75) | < 0.001# | < 0.001# |
| ADA (IU/L) | 11.8 (8.25–18.65) | 50 (37.85–62.15) | < 0.001# | 45 (31.875–57.9) | < 0.001# | < 0.001# |
Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD), median (interquartile ranges) or frequency (percentage)
TPE tuberculous pleural effusion, BMI body mass index, TB tuberculosis, LDH lactate dehydrogenase, ADA adenosine deaminase
%Comparisons were performed between confirm- and non- TPE group using chi-square test and #Mann–Whitney U test and ¶unpaired t-test
§Comparisons were performed between non- and probable- TPE group using chi-square test and #Mann–Whitney U test and ¶unpaired t-test
*Comparisons were performed between non TPE and TPE group using chi-square test and #Mann–Whitney U test and ¶unpaired t-test